Theory OrderedGroup (Isabelle2005: October 2005)

# Theory OrderedGroup

Up to index of Isabelle/HOL

theory OrderedGroup
imports Inductive LOrder
uses ../Provers/Arith/abel_cancel.ML [OrderedGroup.ML]
begin

    (*  Title:   HOL/OrderedGroup.thy
        ID:      $Id: OrderedGroup.thy,v 1.17 2005/08/16 16:53:12 paulson Exp $
        Author:  Gertrud Bauer, Steven Obua, Lawrence C Paulson, and Markus Wenzel,
                 with contributions by Jeremy Avigad
    *)

    header {* Ordered Groups *}

    theory OrderedGroup
    imports Inductive LOrder
    uses "../Provers/Arith/abel_cancel.ML"
    begin

    text {*
      The theory of partially ordered groups is taken from the books:
      \begin{itemize}
      \item \emph{Lattice Theory} by Garret Birkhoff, American Mathematical Society 1979
      \item \emph{Partially Ordered Algebraic Systems}, Pergamon Press 1963
      \end{itemize}
      Most of the used notions can also be looked up in
      \begin{itemize}
      \item \url{http://www.mathworld.com} by Eric Weisstein et. al.
      \item \emph{Algebra I} by van der Waerden, Springer.
      \end{itemize}
    *}

    subsection {* Semigroups, Groups *}

    axclass semigroup_add ⊆ plus
      add_assoc: "(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)"

    axclass ab_semigroup_add ⊆ semigroup_add
      add_commute: "a + b = b + a"

    lemma add_left_commute: "a + (b + c) = b + (a + (c::'a::ab_semigroup_add))"
      by (rule mk_left_commute [of "op +", OF add_assoc add_commute])

    theorems add_ac = add_assoc add_commute add_left_commute

    axclass semigroup_mult ⊆ times
      mult_assoc: "(a * b) * c = a * (b * c)"

    axclass ab_semigroup_mult ⊆ semigroup_mult
      mult_commute: "a * b = b * a"

    lemma mult_left_commute: "a * (b * c) = b * (a * (c::'a::ab_semigroup_mult))"
      by (rule mk_left_commute [of "op *", OF mult_assoc mult_commute])

    theorems mult_ac = mult_assoc mult_commute mult_left_commute

    axclass comm_monoid_add ⊆ zero, ab_semigroup_add
      add_0[simp]: "0 + a = a"

    axclass monoid_mult ⊆ one, semigroup_mult
      mult_1_left[simp]: "1 * a  = a"
      mult_1_right[simp]: "a * 1 = a"

    axclass comm_monoid_mult ⊆ one, ab_semigroup_mult
      mult_1: "1 * a = a"

    instance comm_monoid_mult ⊆ monoid_mult
    by (intro_classes, insert mult_1, simp_all add: mult_commute, auto)

    axclass cancel_semigroup_add ⊆ semigroup_add
      add_left_imp_eq: "a + b = a + c ==> b = c"
      add_right_imp_eq: "b + a = c + a ==> b = c"

    axclass cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ ab_semigroup_add
      add_imp_eq: "a + b = a + c ==> b = c"

    instance cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ cancel_semigroup_add
    proof
      {
        fix a b c :: 'a
        assume "a + b = a + c"
        thus "b = c" by (rule add_imp_eq)
      }
      note f = this
      fix a b c :: 'a
      assume "b + a = c + a"
      hence "a + b = a + c" by (simp only: add_commute)
      thus "b = c" by (rule f)
    qed

    axclass ab_group_add ⊆ minus, comm_monoid_add
      left_minus[simp]: " - a + a = 0"
      diff_minus: "a - b = a + (-b)"

    instance ab_group_add ⊆ cancel_ab_semigroup_add
    proof
      fix a b c :: 'a
      assume "a + b = a + c"
      hence "-a + a + b = -a + a + c" by (simp only: add_assoc)
      thus "b = c" by simp
    qed

    lemma add_0_right [simp]: "a + 0 = (a::'a::comm_monoid_add)"
    proof -
      have "a + 0 = 0 + a" by (simp only: add_commute)
      also have "... = a" by simp
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma add_left_cancel [simp]:
         "(a + b = a + c) = (b = (c::'a::cancel_semigroup_add))"
    by (blast dest: add_left_imp_eq)

    lemma add_right_cancel [simp]:
         "(b + a = c + a) = (b = (c::'a::cancel_semigroup_add))"
      by (blast dest: add_right_imp_eq)

    lemma right_minus [simp]: "a + -(a::'a::ab_group_add) = 0"
    proof -
      have "a + -a = -a + a" by (simp add: add_ac)
      also have "... = 0" by simp
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma right_minus_eq: "(a - b = 0) = (a = (b::'a::ab_group_add))"
    proof
      have "a = a - b + b" by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)
      also assume "a - b = 0"
      finally show "a = b" by simp
    next
      assume "a = b"
      thus "a - b = 0" by (simp add: diff_minus)
    qed

    lemma minus_minus [simp]: "- (- (a::'a::ab_group_add)) = a"
    proof (rule add_left_cancel [of "-a", THEN iffD1])
      show "(-a + -(-a) = -a + a)"
      by simp
    qed

    lemma equals_zero_I: "a+b = 0 ==> -a = (b::'a::ab_group_add)"
    apply (rule right_minus_eq [THEN iffD1, symmetric])
    apply (simp add: diff_minus add_commute)
    done

    lemma minus_zero [simp]: "- 0 = (0::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: equals_zero_I)

    lemma diff_self [simp]: "a - (a::'a::ab_group_add) = 0"
      by (simp add: diff_minus)

    lemma diff_0 [simp]: "(0::'a::ab_group_add) - a = -a"
    by (simp add: diff_minus)

    lemma diff_0_right [simp]: "a - (0::'a::ab_group_add) = a"
    by (simp add: diff_minus)

    lemma diff_minus_eq_add [simp]: "a - - b = a + (b::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus)

    lemma neg_equal_iff_equal [simp]: "(-a = -b) = (a = (b::'a::ab_group_add))"
    proof
      assume "- a = - b"
      hence "- (- a) = - (- b)"
        by simp
      thus "a=b" by simp
    next
      assume "a=b"
      thus "-a = -b" by simp
    qed

    lemma neg_equal_0_iff_equal [simp]: "(-a = 0) = (a = (0::'a::ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_equal_iff_equal [symmetric], simp)

    lemma neg_0_equal_iff_equal [simp]: "(0 = -a) = (0 = (a::'a::ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_equal_iff_equal [symmetric], simp)

    text{*The next two equations can make the simplifier loop!*}

    lemma equation_minus_iff: "(a = - b) = (b = - (a::'a::ab_group_add))"
    proof -
      have "(- (-a) = - b) = (- a = b)" by (rule neg_equal_iff_equal)
      thus ?thesis by (simp add: eq_commute)
    qed

    lemma minus_equation_iff: "(- a = b) = (- (b::'a::ab_group_add) = a)"
    proof -
      have "(- a = - (-b)) = (a = -b)" by (rule neg_equal_iff_equal)
      thus ?thesis by (simp add: eq_commute)
    qed

    lemma minus_add_distrib [simp]: "- (a + b) = -a + -(b::'a::ab_group_add)"
    apply (rule equals_zero_I)
    apply (simp add: add_ac)
    done

    lemma minus_diff_eq [simp]: "- (a - b) = b - (a::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_commute)

    subsection {* (Partially) Ordered Groups *}

    axclass pordered_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ order, ab_semigroup_add
      add_left_mono: "a ≤ b ==> c + a ≤ c + b"

    axclass pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ pordered_ab_semigroup_add, cancel_ab_semigroup_add

    instance pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ pordered_ab_semigroup_add ..

    axclass pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le ⊆ pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add
      add_le_imp_le_left: "c + a ≤ c + b ==> a ≤ b"

    axclass pordered_ab_group_add ⊆ ab_group_add, pordered_ab_semigroup_add

    instance pordered_ab_group_add ⊆ pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
    proof
      fix a b c :: 'a
      assume "c + a ≤ c + b"
      hence "(-c) + (c + a) ≤ (-c) + (c + b)" by (rule add_left_mono)
      hence "((-c) + c) + a ≤ ((-c) + c) + b" by (simp only: add_assoc)
      thus "a ≤ b" by simp
    qed

    axclass ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add, linorder

    instance ordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add ⊆ pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le
    proof
      fix a b c :: 'a
      assume le: "c + a <= c + b"
      show "a <= b"
      proof (rule ccontr)
        assume w: "~ a ≤ b"
        hence "b <= a" by (simp add: linorder_not_le)
        hence le2: "c+b <= c+a" by (rule add_left_mono)
        have "a = b"
          apply (insert le)
          apply (insert le2)
          apply (drule order_antisym, simp_all)
          done
        with w  show False
          by (simp add: linorder_not_le [symmetric])
      qed
    qed

    lemma add_right_mono: "a ≤ (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add) ==> a + c ≤ b + c"
    by (simp add: add_commute[of _ c] add_left_mono)

    text {* non-strict, in both arguments *}
    lemma add_mono:
         "[|a ≤ b;  c ≤ d|] ==> a + c ≤ b + (d::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add)"
      apply (erule add_right_mono [THEN order_trans])
      apply (simp add: add_commute add_left_mono)
      done

    lemma add_strict_left_mono:
         "a < b ==> c + a < c + (b::'a::pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add)"
     by (simp add: order_less_le add_left_mono)

    lemma add_strict_right_mono:
         "a < b ==> a + c < b + (c::'a::pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add)"
     by (simp add: add_commute [of _ c] add_strict_left_mono)

    text{*Strict monotonicity in both arguments*}
    lemma add_strict_mono: "[|a<b; c<d|] ==> a + c < b + (d::'a::pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add)"
    apply (erule add_strict_right_mono [THEN order_less_trans])
    apply (erule add_strict_left_mono)
    done

    lemma add_less_le_mono:
         "[| a<b; c≤d |] ==> a + c < b + (d::'a::pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add)"
    apply (erule add_strict_right_mono [THEN order_less_le_trans])
    apply (erule add_left_mono)
    done

    lemma add_le_less_mono:
         "[| a≤b; c<d |] ==> a + c < b + (d::'a::pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add)"
    apply (erule add_right_mono [THEN order_le_less_trans])
    apply (erule add_strict_left_mono)
    done

    lemma add_less_imp_less_left:
          assumes less: "c + a < c + b"  shows "a < (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le)"
    proof -
      from less have le: "c + a <= c + b" by (simp add: order_le_less)
      have "a <= b"
        apply (insert le)
        apply (drule add_le_imp_le_left)
        by (insert le, drule add_le_imp_le_left, assumption)
      moreover have "a ≠ b"
      proof (rule ccontr)
        assume "~(a ≠ b)"
        then have "a = b" by simp
        then have "c + a = c + b" by simp
        with less show "False"by simp
      qed
      ultimately show "a < b" by (simp add: order_le_less)
    qed

    lemma add_less_imp_less_right:
          "a + c < b + c ==> a < (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le)"
    apply (rule add_less_imp_less_left [of c])
    apply (simp add: add_commute)
    done

    lemma add_less_cancel_left [simp]:
        "(c+a < c+b) = (a < (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le))"
    by (blast intro: add_less_imp_less_left add_strict_left_mono)

    lemma add_less_cancel_right [simp]:
        "(a+c < b+c) = (a < (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le))"
    by (blast intro: add_less_imp_less_right add_strict_right_mono)

    lemma add_le_cancel_left [simp]:
        "(c+a ≤ c+b) = (a ≤ (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le))"
    by (auto, drule add_le_imp_le_left, simp_all add: add_left_mono)

    lemma add_le_cancel_right [simp]:
        "(a+c ≤ b+c) = (a ≤ (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le))"
    by (simp add: add_commute[of a c] add_commute[of b c])

    lemma add_le_imp_le_right:
          "a + c ≤ b + c ==> a ≤ (b::'a::pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le)"
    by simp

    lemma add_increasing:
      fixes c :: "'a::{pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, comm_monoid_add}"
      shows  "[|0≤a; b≤c|] ==> b ≤ a + c"
    by (insert add_mono [of 0 a b c], simp)

    lemma add_increasing2:
      fixes c :: "'a::{pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, comm_monoid_add}"
      shows  "[|0≤c; b≤a|] ==> b ≤ a + c"
    by (simp add:add_increasing add_commute[of a])

    lemma add_strict_increasing:
      fixes c :: "'a::{pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, comm_monoid_add}"
      shows "[|0<a; b≤c|] ==> b < a + c"
    by (insert add_less_le_mono [of 0 a b c], simp)

    lemma add_strict_increasing2:
      fixes c :: "'a::{pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, comm_monoid_add}"
      shows "[|0≤a; b<c|] ==> b < a + c"
    by (insert add_le_less_mono [of 0 a b c], simp)

    subsection {* Ordering Rules for Unary Minus *}

    lemma le_imp_neg_le:
          assumes "a ≤ (b::'a::{pordered_ab_semigroup_add_imp_le, ab_group_add})" shows "-b ≤ -a"
    proof -
      have "-a+a ≤ -a+b"
        by (rule add_left_mono)
      hence "0 ≤ -a+b"
        by simp
      hence "0 + (-b) ≤ (-a + b) + (-b)"
        by (rule add_right_mono)
      thus ?thesis
        by (simp add: add_assoc)
    qed

    lemma neg_le_iff_le [simp]: "(-b ≤ -a) = (a ≤ (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    proof
      assume "- b ≤ - a"
      hence "- (- a) ≤ - (- b)"
        by (rule le_imp_neg_le)
      thus "a≤b" by simp
    next
      assume "a≤b"
      thus "-b ≤ -a" by (rule le_imp_neg_le)
    qed

    lemma neg_le_0_iff_le [simp]: "(-a ≤ 0) = (0 ≤ (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_le_iff_le [symmetric], simp)

    lemma neg_0_le_iff_le [simp]: "(0 ≤ -a) = (a ≤ (0::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_le_iff_le [symmetric], simp)

    lemma neg_less_iff_less [simp]: "(-b < -a) = (a < (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (force simp add: order_less_le)

    lemma neg_less_0_iff_less [simp]: "(-a < 0) = (0 < (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_less_iff_less [symmetric], simp)

    lemma neg_0_less_iff_less [simp]: "(0 < -a) = (a < (0::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (subst neg_less_iff_less [symmetric], simp)

    text{*The next several equations can make the simplifier loop!*}

    lemma less_minus_iff: "(a < - b) = (b < - (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    proof -
      have "(- (-a) < - b) = (b < - a)" by (rule neg_less_iff_less)
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma minus_less_iff: "(- a < b) = (- b < (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    proof -
      have "(- a < - (-b)) = (- b < a)" by (rule neg_less_iff_less)
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma le_minus_iff: "(a ≤ - b) = (b ≤ - (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    proof -
      have mm: "!! a (b::'a). (-(-a)) < -b ==> -(-b) < -a" by (simp only: minus_less_iff)
      have "(- (- a) <= -b) = (b <= - a)"
        apply (auto simp only: order_le_less)
        apply (drule mm)
        apply (simp_all)
        apply (drule mm[simplified], assumption)
        done
      then show ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma minus_le_iff: "(- a ≤ b) = (- b ≤ (a::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (auto simp add: order_le_less minus_less_iff)

    lemma add_diff_eq: "a + (b - c) = (a + b) - (c::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    lemma diff_add_eq: "(a - b) + c = (a + c) - (b::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    lemma diff_eq_eq: "(a-b = c) = (a = c + (b::'a::ab_group_add))"
    by (auto simp add: diff_minus add_assoc)

    lemma eq_diff_eq: "(a = c-b) = (a + (b::'a::ab_group_add) = c)"
    by (auto simp add: diff_minus add_assoc)

    lemma diff_diff_eq: "(a - b) - c = a - (b + (c::'a::ab_group_add))"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    lemma diff_diff_eq2: "a - (b - c) = (a + c) - (b::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    lemma diff_add_cancel: "a - b + b = (a::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    lemma add_diff_cancel: "a + b - b = (a::'a::ab_group_add)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)

    text{*Further subtraction laws*}

    lemma less_iff_diff_less_0: "(a < b) = (a - b < (0::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    proof -
      have  "(a < b) = (a + (- b) < b + (-b))"
        by (simp only: add_less_cancel_right)
      also have "... =  (a - b < 0)" by (simp add: diff_minus)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma diff_less_eq: "(a-b < c) = (a < c + (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    apply (subst less_iff_diff_less_0 [of a])
    apply (rule less_iff_diff_less_0 [of _ c, THEN ssubst])
    apply (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)
    done

    lemma less_diff_eq: "(a < c-b) = (a + (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add) < c)"
    apply (subst less_iff_diff_less_0 [of "a+b"])
    apply (subst less_iff_diff_less_0 [of a])
    apply (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)
    done

    lemma diff_le_eq: "(a-b ≤ c) = (a ≤ c + (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (auto simp add: order_le_less diff_less_eq diff_add_cancel add_diff_cancel)

    lemma le_diff_eq: "(a ≤ c-b) = (a + (b::'a::pordered_ab_group_add) ≤ c)"
    by (auto simp add: order_le_less less_diff_eq diff_add_cancel add_diff_cancel)

    text{*This list of rewrites simplifies (in)equalities by bringing subtractions
      to the top and then moving negative terms to the other side.
      Use with @{text add_ac}*}
    lemmas compare_rls =
           diff_minus [symmetric]
           add_diff_eq diff_add_eq diff_diff_eq diff_diff_eq2
           diff_less_eq less_diff_eq diff_le_eq le_diff_eq
           diff_eq_eq eq_diff_eq

    subsection {* Support for reasoning about signs *}

    lemma add_pos_pos: "0 <
        (x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add})
          ==> 0 < y ==> 0 < x + y"
    apply (subgoal_tac "0 + 0 < x + y")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_less_le_mono)
    apply (erule order_less_imp_le)
    done

    lemma add_pos_nonneg: "0 <
        (x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add})
          ==> 0 <= y ==> 0 < x + y"
    apply (subgoal_tac "0 + 0 < x + y")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_less_le_mono, assumption)
    done

    lemma add_nonneg_pos: "0 <=
        (x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add})
          ==> 0 < y ==> 0 < x + y"
    apply (subgoal_tac "0 + 0 < x + y")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_le_less_mono, assumption)
    done

    lemma add_nonneg_nonneg: "0 <=
        (x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add})
          ==> 0 <= y ==> 0 <= x + y"
    apply (subgoal_tac "0 + 0 <= x + y")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_mono, assumption)
    done

    lemma add_neg_neg: "(x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add})
        < 0 ==> y < 0 ==> x + y < 0"
    apply (subgoal_tac "x + y < 0 + 0")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_less_le_mono)
    apply (erule order_less_imp_le)
    done

    lemma add_neg_nonpos:
        "(x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add}) < 0
          ==> y <= 0 ==> x + y < 0"
    apply (subgoal_tac "x + y < 0 + 0")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_less_le_mono, assumption)
    done

    lemma add_nonpos_neg:
        "(x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add}) <= 0
          ==> y < 0 ==> x + y < 0"
    apply (subgoal_tac "x + y < 0 + 0")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_le_less_mono, assumption)
    done

    lemma add_nonpos_nonpos:
        "(x::'a::{comm_monoid_add,pordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add}) <= 0
          ==> y <= 0 ==> x + y <= 0"
    apply (subgoal_tac "x + y <= 0 + 0")
    apply simp
    apply (erule add_mono, assumption)
    done

    subsection{*Lemmas for the @{text cancel_numerals} simproc*}

    lemma eq_iff_diff_eq_0: "(a = b) = (a-b = (0::'a::ab_group_add))"
    by (simp add: compare_rls)

    lemma le_iff_diff_le_0: "(a ≤ b) = (a-b ≤ (0::'a::pordered_ab_group_add))"
    by (simp add: compare_rls)

    subsection {* Lattice Ordered (Abelian) Groups *}

    axclass lordered_ab_group_meet < pordered_ab_group_add, meet_semilorder

    axclass lordered_ab_group_join < pordered_ab_group_add, join_semilorder

    lemma add_meet_distrib_left: "a + (meet b c) = meet (a + b) (a + (c::'a::{pordered_ab_group_add, meet_semilorder}))"
    apply (rule order_antisym)
    apply (rule meet_imp_le, simp_all add: meet_join_le)
    apply (rule add_le_imp_le_left [of "-a"])
    apply (simp only: add_assoc[symmetric], simp)
    apply (rule meet_imp_le)
    apply (rule add_le_imp_le_left[of "a"], simp only: add_assoc[symmetric], simp add: meet_join_le)+
    done

    lemma add_join_distrib_left: "a + (join b c) = join (a + b) (a+ (c::'a::{pordered_ab_group_add, join_semilorder}))"
    apply (rule order_antisym)
    apply (rule add_le_imp_le_left [of "-a"])
    apply (simp only: add_assoc[symmetric], simp)
    apply (rule join_imp_le)
    apply (rule add_le_imp_le_left [of "a"], simp only: add_assoc[symmetric], simp add: meet_join_le)+
    apply (rule join_imp_le)
    apply (simp_all add: meet_join_le)
    done

    lemma is_join_neg_meet: "is_join (% (a::'a::{pordered_ab_group_add, meet_semilorder}) b. - (meet (-a) (-b)))"
    apply (auto simp add: is_join_def)
    apply (rule_tac c="meet (-a) (-b)" in add_le_imp_le_right, simp, simp add: add_meet_distrib_left meet_join_le)
    apply (rule_tac c="meet (-a) (-b)" in add_le_imp_le_right, simp, simp add: add_meet_distrib_left meet_join_le)
    apply (subst neg_le_iff_le[symmetric])
    apply (simp add: meet_imp_le)
    done

    lemma is_meet_neg_join: "is_meet (% (a::'a::{pordered_ab_group_add, join_semilorder}) b. - (join (-a) (-b)))"
    apply (auto simp add: is_meet_def)
    apply (rule_tac c="join (-a) (-b)" in add_le_imp_le_right, simp, simp add: add_join_distrib_left meet_join_le)
    apply (rule_tac c="join (-a) (-b)" in add_le_imp_le_right, simp, simp add: add_join_distrib_left meet_join_le)
    apply (subst neg_le_iff_le[symmetric])
    apply (simp add: join_imp_le)
    done

    axclass lordered_ab_group ⊆ pordered_ab_group_add, lorder

    instance lordered_ab_group_meet ⊆ lordered_ab_group
    proof
      show "? j. is_join (j::'a=>'a=>('a::lordered_ab_group_meet))" by (blast intro: is_join_neg_meet)
    qed

    instance lordered_ab_group_join ⊆ lordered_ab_group
    proof
      show "? m. is_meet (m::'a=>'a=>('a::lordered_ab_group_join))" by (blast intro: is_meet_neg_join)
    qed

    lemma add_join_distrib_right: "(join a b) + (c::'a::lordered_ab_group) = join (a+c) (b+c)"
    proof -
      have "c + (join a b) = join (c+a) (c+b)" by (simp add: add_join_distrib_left)
      thus ?thesis by (simp add: add_commute)
    qed

    lemma add_meet_distrib_right: "(meet a b) + (c::'a::lordered_ab_group) = meet (a+c) (b+c)"
    proof -
      have "c + (meet a b) = meet (c+a) (c+b)" by (simp add: add_meet_distrib_left)
      thus ?thesis by (simp add: add_commute)
    qed

    lemmas add_meet_join_distribs = add_meet_distrib_right add_meet_distrib_left add_join_distrib_right add_join_distrib_left

    lemma join_eq_neg_meet: "join a (b::'a::lordered_ab_group) = - meet (-a) (-b)"
    by (simp add: is_join_unique[OF is_join_join is_join_neg_meet])

    lemma meet_eq_neg_join: "meet a (b::'a::lordered_ab_group) = - join (-a) (-b)"
    by (simp add: is_meet_unique[OF is_meet_meet is_meet_neg_join])

    lemma add_eq_meet_join: "a + b = (join a b) + (meet a (b::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    proof -
      have "0 = - meet 0 (a-b) + meet (a-b) 0" by (simp add: meet_comm)
      hence "0 = join 0 (b-a) + meet (a-b) 0" by (simp add: meet_eq_neg_join)
      hence "0 = (-a + join a b) + (meet a b + (-b))"
        apply (simp add: add_join_distrib_left add_meet_distrib_right)
        by (simp add: diff_minus add_commute)
      thus ?thesis
        apply (simp add: compare_rls)
        apply (subst add_left_cancel[symmetric, of "a+b" "join a b + meet a b" "-a"])
        apply (simp only: add_assoc, simp add: add_assoc[symmetric])
        done
    qed

    subsection {* Positive Part, Negative Part, Absolute Value *}

    constdefs
      pprt :: "'a => ('a::lordered_ab_group)"
      "pprt x == join x 0"
      nprt :: "'a => ('a::lordered_ab_group)"
      "nprt x == meet x 0"

    lemma prts: "a = pprt a + nprt a"
    by (simp add: pprt_def nprt_def add_eq_meet_join[symmetric])

    lemma zero_le_pprt[simp]: "0 ≤ pprt a"
    by (simp add: pprt_def meet_join_le)

    lemma nprt_le_zero[simp]: "nprt a ≤ 0"
    by (simp add: nprt_def meet_join_le)

    lemma le_eq_neg: "(a ≤ -b) = (a + b ≤ (0::_::lordered_ab_group))" (is "?l = ?r")
    proof -
      have a: "?l --> ?r"
        apply (auto)
        apply (rule add_le_imp_le_right[of _ "-b" _])
        apply (simp add: add_assoc)
        done
      have b: "?r --> ?l"
        apply (auto)
        apply (rule add_le_imp_le_right[of _ "b" _])
        apply (simp)
        done
      from a b show ?thesis by blast
    qed

    lemma pprt_0[simp]: "pprt 0 = 0" by (simp add: pprt_def)
    lemma nprt_0[simp]: "nprt 0 = 0" by (simp add: nprt_def)

    lemma pprt_eq_id[simp]: "0 <= x ==> pprt x = x"
      by (simp add: pprt_def le_def_join join_aci)

    lemma nprt_eq_id[simp]: "x <= 0 ==> nprt x = x"
      by (simp add: nprt_def le_def_meet meet_aci)

    lemma pprt_eq_0[simp]: "x <= 0 ==> pprt x = 0"
      by (simp add: pprt_def le_def_join join_aci)

    lemma nprt_eq_0[simp]: "0 <= x ==> nprt x = 0"
      by (simp add: nprt_def le_def_meet meet_aci)

    lemma join_0_imp_0: "join a (-a) = 0 ==> a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group)"
    proof -
      {
        fix a::'a
        assume hyp: "join a (-a) = 0"
        hence "join a (-a) + a = a" by (simp)
        hence "join (a+a) 0 = a" by (simp add: add_join_distrib_right)
        hence "join (a+a) 0 <= a" by (simp)
        hence "0 <= a" by (blast intro: order_trans meet_join_le)
      }
      note p = this
      assume hyp:"join a (-a) = 0"
      hence hyp2:"join (-a) (-(-a)) = 0" by (simp add: join_comm)
      from p[OF hyp] p[OF hyp2] show "a = 0" by simp
    qed

    lemma meet_0_imp_0: "meet a (-a) = 0 ==> a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group)"
    apply (simp add: meet_eq_neg_join)
    apply (simp add: join_comm)
    apply (erule join_0_imp_0)
    done

    lemma join_0_eq_0[simp]: "(join a (-a) = 0) = (a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    by (auto, erule join_0_imp_0)

    lemma meet_0_eq_0[simp]: "(meet a (-a) = 0) = (a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    by (auto, erule meet_0_imp_0)

    lemma zero_le_double_add_iff_zero_le_single_add[simp]: "(0 ≤ a + a) = (0 ≤ (a::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    proof
      assume "0 <= a + a"
      hence a:"meet (a+a) 0 = 0" by (simp add: le_def_meet meet_comm)
      have "(meet a 0)+(meet a 0) = meet (meet (a+a) 0) a" (is "?l=_") by (simp add: add_meet_join_distribs meet_aci)
      hence "?l = 0 + meet a 0" by (simp add: a, simp add: meet_comm)
      hence "meet a 0 = 0" by (simp only: add_right_cancel)
      then show "0 <= a" by (simp add: le_def_meet meet_comm)
    next
      assume a: "0 <= a"
      show "0 <= a + a" by (simp add: add_mono[OF a a, simplified])
    qed

    lemma double_add_le_zero_iff_single_add_le_zero[simp]: "(a + a <= 0) = ((a::'a::lordered_ab_group) <= 0)"
    proof -
      have "(a + a <= 0) = (0 <= -(a+a))" by (subst le_minus_iff, simp)
      moreover have "… = (a <= 0)" by (simp add: zero_le_double_add_iff_zero_le_single_add)
      ultimately show ?thesis by blast
    qed

    lemma double_add_less_zero_iff_single_less_zero[simp]: "(a+a<0) = ((a::'a::{pordered_ab_group_add,linorder}) < 0)" (is ?s)
    proof cases
      assume a: "a < 0"
      thus ?s by (simp add:  add_strict_mono[OF a a, simplified])
    next
      assume "~(a < 0)"
      hence a:"0 <= a" by (simp)
      hence "0 <= a+a" by (simp add: add_mono[OF a a, simplified])
      hence "~(a+a < 0)" by simp
      with a show ?thesis by simp
    qed

    axclass lordered_ab_group_abs ⊆ lordered_ab_group
      abs_lattice: "abs x = join x (-x)"

    lemma abs_zero[simp]: "abs 0 = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice)

    lemma abs_eq_0[simp]: "(abs a = 0) = (a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs))"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice)

    lemma abs_0_eq[simp]: "(0 = abs a) = (a = (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs))"
    proof -
      have "(0 = abs a) = (abs a = 0)" by (simp only: eq_ac)
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma neg_meet_eq_join[simp]: "- meet a (b::_::lordered_ab_group) = join (-a) (-b)"
    by (simp add: meet_eq_neg_join)

    lemma neg_join_eq_meet[simp]: "- join a (b::_::lordered_ab_group) = meet (-a) (-b)"
    by (simp del: neg_meet_eq_join add: join_eq_neg_meet)

    lemma join_eq_if: "join a (-a) = (if a < 0 then -a else (a::'a::{lordered_ab_group, linorder}))"
    proof -
      note b = add_le_cancel_right[of a a "-a",symmetric,simplified]
      have c: "a + a = 0 ==> -a = a" by (rule add_right_imp_eq[of _ a], simp)
      show ?thesis by (auto simp add: join_max max_def b linorder_not_less)
    qed

    lemma abs_if_lattice: "¦a¦ = (if a < 0 then -a else (a::'a::{lordered_ab_group_abs, linorder}))"
    proof -
      show ?thesis by (simp add: abs_lattice join_eq_if)
    qed

    lemma abs_ge_zero[simp]: "0 ≤ abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    proof -
      have a:"a <= abs a" and b:"-a <= abs a" by (auto simp add: abs_lattice meet_join_le)
      show ?thesis by (rule add_mono[OF a b, simplified])
    qed

    lemma abs_le_zero_iff [simp]: "(abs a ≤ (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)) = (a = 0)"
    proof
      assume "abs a <= 0"
      hence "abs a = 0" by (auto dest: order_antisym)
      thus "a = 0" by simp
    next
      assume "a = 0"
      thus "abs a <= 0" by simp
    qed

    lemma zero_less_abs_iff [simp]: "(0 < abs a) = (a ≠ (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs))"
    by (simp add: order_less_le)

    lemma abs_not_less_zero [simp]: "~ abs a < (0::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    proof -
      have a:"!! x (y::_::order). x <= y ==> ~(y < x)" by auto
      show ?thesis by (simp add: a)
    qed

    lemma abs_ge_self: "a ≤ abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice meet_join_le)

    lemma abs_ge_minus_self: "-a ≤ abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice meet_join_le)

    lemma le_imp_join_eq: "a ≤ b ==> join a b = b"
    by (simp add: le_def_join)

    lemma ge_imp_join_eq: "b ≤ a ==> join a b = a"
    by (simp add: le_def_join join_aci)

    lemma le_imp_meet_eq: "a ≤ b ==> meet a b = a"
    by (simp add: le_def_meet)

    lemma ge_imp_meet_eq: "b ≤ a ==> meet a b = b"
    by (simp add: le_def_meet meet_aci)

    lemma abs_prts: "abs (a::_::lordered_ab_group_abs) = pprt a - nprt a"
    apply (simp add: pprt_def nprt_def diff_minus)
    apply (simp add: add_meet_join_distribs join_aci abs_lattice[symmetric])
    apply (subst le_imp_join_eq, auto)
    done

    lemma abs_minus_cancel [simp]: "abs (-a) = abs(a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice join_comm)

    lemma abs_idempotent [simp]: "abs (abs a) = abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    apply (simp add: abs_lattice[of "abs a"])
    apply (subst ge_imp_join_eq)
    apply (rule order_trans[of _ 0])
    by auto

    lemma abs_minus_commute:
      fixes a :: "'a::lordered_ab_group_abs"
      shows "abs (a-b) = abs(b-a)"
    proof -
      have "abs (a-b) = abs (- (a-b))" by (simp only: abs_minus_cancel)
      also have "... = abs(b-a)" by simp
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma zero_le_iff_zero_nprt: "(0 ≤ a) = (nprt a = 0)"
    by (simp add: le_def_meet nprt_def meet_comm)

    lemma le_zero_iff_zero_pprt: "(a ≤ 0) = (pprt a = 0)"
    by (simp add: le_def_join pprt_def join_comm)

    lemma le_zero_iff_pprt_id: "(0 ≤ a) = (pprt a = a)"
    by (simp add: le_def_join pprt_def join_comm)

    lemma zero_le_iff_nprt_id: "(a ≤ 0) = (nprt a = a)"
    by (simp add: le_def_meet nprt_def meet_comm)

    lemma pprt_mono[simp]: "(a::_::lordered_ab_group) <= b ==> pprt a <= pprt b"
      by (simp add: le_def_join pprt_def join_aci)

    lemma nprt_mono[simp]: "(a::_::lordered_ab_group) <= b ==> nprt a <= nprt b"
      by (simp add: le_def_meet nprt_def meet_aci)

    lemma iff2imp: "(A=B) ==> (A ==> B)"
    by (simp)

    lemma abs_of_nonneg [simp]: "0 ≤ a ==> abs a = (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: iff2imp[OF zero_le_iff_zero_nprt] iff2imp[OF le_zero_iff_pprt_id] abs_prts)

    lemma abs_of_pos: "0 < (x::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) ==> abs x = x";
    by (rule abs_of_nonneg, rule order_less_imp_le);

    lemma abs_of_nonpos [simp]: "a ≤ 0 ==> abs a = -(a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: iff2imp[OF le_zero_iff_zero_pprt] iff2imp[OF zero_le_iff_nprt_id] abs_prts)

    lemma abs_of_neg: "(x::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) <  0 ==>
      abs x = - x"
    by (rule abs_of_nonpos, rule order_less_imp_le)

    lemma abs_leI: "[|a ≤ b; -a ≤ b|] ==> abs a ≤ (b::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (simp add: abs_lattice join_imp_le)

    lemma le_minus_self_iff: "(a ≤ -a) = (a ≤ (0::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    proof -
      from add_le_cancel_left[of "-a" "a+a" "0"] have "(a <= -a) = (a+a <= 0)"
        by (simp add: add_assoc[symmetric])
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma minus_le_self_iff: "(-a ≤ a) = (0 ≤ (a::'a::lordered_ab_group))"
    proof -
      from add_le_cancel_left[of "-a" "0" "a+a"] have "(-a <= a) = (0 <= a+a)"
        by (simp add: add_assoc[symmetric])
      thus ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma abs_le_D1: "abs a ≤ b ==> a ≤ (b::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (insert abs_ge_self, blast intro: order_trans)

    lemma abs_le_D2: "abs a ≤ b ==> -a ≤ (b::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    by (insert abs_le_D1 [of "-a"], simp)

    lemma abs_le_iff: "(abs a ≤ b) = (a ≤ b & -a ≤ (b::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs))"
    by (blast intro: abs_leI dest: abs_le_D1 abs_le_D2)

    lemma abs_triangle_ineq: "abs(a+b) ≤ abs a + abs(b::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs)"
    proof -
      have g:"abs a + abs b = join (a+b) (join (-a-b) (join (-a+b) (a + (-b))))" (is "_=join ?m ?n")
        apply (simp add: abs_lattice add_meet_join_distribs join_aci)
        by (simp only: diff_minus)
      have a:"a+b <= join ?m ?n" by (simp add: meet_join_le)
      have b:"-a-b <= ?n" by (simp add: meet_join_le)
      have c:"?n <= join ?m ?n" by (simp add: meet_join_le)
      from b c have d: "-a-b <= join ?m ?n" by simp
      have e:"-a-b = -(a+b)" by (simp add: diff_minus)
      from a d e have "abs(a+b) <= join ?m ?n"
        by (drule_tac abs_leI, auto)
      with g[symmetric] show ?thesis by simp
    qed

    lemma abs_triangle_ineq2: "abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) -
        abs b <= abs (a - b)"
      apply (simp add: compare_rls)
      apply (subgoal_tac "abs a = abs (a - b + b)")
      apply (erule ssubst)
      apply (rule abs_triangle_ineq)
      apply (rule arg_cong);back;
      apply (simp add: compare_rls)
    done

    lemma abs_triangle_ineq3:
        "abs(abs (a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) - abs b) <= abs (a - b)"
      apply (subst abs_le_iff)
      apply auto
      apply (rule abs_triangle_ineq2)
      apply (subst abs_minus_commute)
      apply (rule abs_triangle_ineq2)
    done

    lemma abs_triangle_ineq4: "abs ((a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) - b) <=
        abs a + abs b"
    proof -;
      have "abs(a - b) = abs(a + - b)"
        by (subst diff_minus, rule refl)
      also have "... <= abs a + abs (- b)"
        by (rule abs_triangle_ineq)
      finally show ?thesis
        by simp
    qed

    lemma abs_diff_triangle_ineq:
         "¦(a::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) + b - (c+d)¦ ≤ ¦a-c¦ + ¦b-d¦"
    proof -
      have "¦a + b - (c+d)¦ = ¦(a-c) + (b-d)¦" by (simp add: diff_minus add_ac)
      also have "... ≤ ¦a-c¦ + ¦b-d¦" by (rule abs_triangle_ineq)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma abs_add_abs[simp]:
    fixes a:: "'a::{lordered_ab_group_abs}"
    shows "abs(abs a + abs b) = abs a + abs b" (is "?L = ?R")
    proof (rule order_antisym)
      show "?L ≥ ?R" by(rule abs_ge_self)
    next
      have "?L ≤ ¦¦a¦¦ + ¦¦b¦¦" by(rule abs_triangle_ineq)
      also have "… = ?R" by simp
      finally show "?L ≤ ?R" .
    qed

    text {* Needed for abelian cancellation simprocs: *}

    lemma add_cancel_21: "((x::'a::ab_group_add) + (y + z) = y + u) = (x + z = u)"
    apply (subst add_left_commute)
    apply (subst add_left_cancel)
    apply simp
    done

    lemma add_cancel_end: "(x + (y + z) = y) = (x = - (z::'a::ab_group_add))"
    apply (subst add_cancel_21[of _ _ _ 0, simplified])
    apply (simp add: add_right_cancel[symmetric, of "x" "-z" "z", simplified])
    done

    lemma less_eqI: "(x::'a::pordered_ab_group_add) - y = x' - y' ==> (x < y) = (x' < y')"
    by (simp add: less_iff_diff_less_0[of x y] less_iff_diff_less_0[of x' y'])

    lemma le_eqI: "(x::'a::pordered_ab_group_add) - y = x' - y' ==> (y <= x) = (y' <= x')"
    apply (simp add: le_iff_diff_le_0[of y x] le_iff_diff_le_0[of  y' x'])
    apply (simp add: neg_le_iff_le[symmetric, of "y-x" 0] neg_le_iff_le[symmetric, of "y'-x'" 0])
    done

    lemma eq_eqI: "(x::'a::ab_group_add) - y = x' - y' ==> (x = y) = (x' = y')"
    by (simp add: eq_iff_diff_eq_0[of x y] eq_iff_diff_eq_0[of x' y'])

    lemma diff_def: "(x::'a::ab_group_add) - y == x + (-y)"
    by (simp add: diff_minus)

    lemma add_minus_cancel: "(a::'a::ab_group_add) + (-a + b) = b"
    by (simp add: add_assoc[symmetric])

    lemma minus_add_cancel: "-(a::'a::ab_group_add) + (a + b) = b"
    by (simp add: add_assoc[symmetric])

    lemma  le_add_right_mono:
      assumes
      "a <= b + (c::'a::pordered_ab_group_add)"
      "c <= d"
      shows "a <= b + d"
      apply (rule_tac order_trans[where y = "b+c"])
      apply (simp_all add: prems)
      done

    lemmas group_eq_simps =
      mult_ac
      add_ac
      add_diff_eq diff_add_eq diff_diff_eq diff_diff_eq2
      diff_eq_eq eq_diff_eq

    lemma estimate_by_abs:
    "a + b <= (c::'a::lordered_ab_group_abs) ==> a <= c + abs b"
    proof -
      assume 1: "a+b <= c"
      have 2: "a <= c+(-b)"
        apply (insert 1)
        apply (drule_tac add_right_mono[where c="-b"])
        apply (simp add: group_eq_simps)
        done
      have 3: "(-b) <= abs b" by (rule abs_ge_minus_self)
      show ?thesis by (rule le_add_right_mono[OF 2 3])
    qed

    text{*Simplification of @{term "x-y < 0"}, etc.*}
    lemmas diff_less_0_iff_less = less_iff_diff_less_0 [symmetric]
    lemmas diff_eq_0_iff_eq = eq_iff_diff_eq_0 [symmetric]
    lemmas diff_le_0_iff_le = le_iff_diff_le_0 [symmetric]
    declare diff_less_0_iff_less [simp]
    declare diff_eq_0_iff_eq [simp]
    declare diff_le_0_iff_le [simp]

    ML {*
    val add_zero_left = thm"add_0";
    val add_zero_right = thm"add_0_right";
    *}

    ML {*
    val add_assoc = thm "add_assoc";
    val add_commute = thm "add_commute";
    val add_left_commute = thm "add_left_commute";
    val add_ac = thms "add_ac";
    val mult_assoc = thm "mult_assoc";
    val mult_commute = thm "mult_commute";
    val mult_left_commute = thm "mult_left_commute";
    val mult_ac = thms "mult_ac";
    val add_0 = thm "add_0";
    val mult_1_left = thm "mult_1_left";
    val mult_1_right = thm "mult_1_right";
    val mult_1 = thm "mult_1";
    val add_left_imp_eq = thm "add_left_imp_eq";
    val add_right_imp_eq = thm "add_right_imp_eq";
    val add_imp_eq = thm "add_imp_eq";
    val left_minus = thm "left_minus";
    val diff_minus = thm "diff_minus";
    val add_0_right = thm "add_0_right";
    val add_left_cancel = thm "add_left_cancel";
    val add_right_cancel = thm "add_right_cancel";
    val right_minus = thm "right_minus";
    val right_minus_eq = thm "right_minus_eq";
    val minus_minus = thm "minus_minus";
    val equals_zero_I = thm "equals_zero_I";
    val minus_zero = thm "minus_zero";
    val diff_self = thm "diff_self";
    val diff_0 = thm "diff_0";
    val diff_0_right = thm "diff_0_right";
    val diff_minus_eq_add = thm "diff_minus_eq_add";
    val neg_equal_iff_equal = thm "neg_equal_iff_equal";
    val neg_equal_0_iff_equal = thm "neg_equal_0_iff_equal";
    val neg_0_equal_iff_equal = thm "neg_0_equal_iff_equal";
    val equation_minus_iff = thm "equation_minus_iff";
    val minus_equation_iff = thm "minus_equation_iff";
    val minus_add_distrib = thm "minus_add_distrib";
    val minus_diff_eq = thm "minus_diff_eq";
    val add_left_mono = thm "add_left_mono";
    val add_le_imp_le_left = thm "add_le_imp_le_left";
    val add_right_mono = thm "add_right_mono";
    val add_mono = thm "add_mono";
    val add_strict_left_mono = thm "add_strict_left_mono";
    val add_strict_right_mono = thm "add_strict_right_mono";
    val add_strict_mono = thm "add_strict_mono";
    val add_less_le_mono = thm "add_less_le_mono";
    val add_le_less_mono = thm "add_le_less_mono";
    val add_less_imp_less_left = thm "add_less_imp_less_left";
    val add_less_imp_less_right = thm "add_less_imp_less_right";
    val add_less_cancel_left = thm "add_less_cancel_left";
    val add_less_cancel_right = thm "add_less_cancel_right";
    val add_le_cancel_left = thm "add_le_cancel_left";
    val add_le_cancel_right = thm "add_le_cancel_right";
    val add_le_imp_le_right = thm "add_le_imp_le_right";
    val add_increasing = thm "add_increasing";
    val le_imp_neg_le = thm "le_imp_neg_le";
    val neg_le_iff_le = thm "neg_le_iff_le";
    val neg_le_0_iff_le = thm "neg_le_0_iff_le";
    val neg_0_le_iff_le = thm "neg_0_le_iff_le";
    val neg_less_iff_less = thm "neg_less_iff_less";
    val neg_less_0_iff_less = thm "neg_less_0_iff_less";
    val neg_0_less_iff_less = thm "neg_0_less_iff_less";
    val less_minus_iff = thm "less_minus_iff";
    val minus_less_iff = thm "minus_less_iff";
    val le_minus_iff = thm "le_minus_iff";
    val minus_le_iff = thm "minus_le_iff";
    val add_diff_eq = thm "add_diff_eq";
    val diff_add_eq = thm "diff_add_eq";
    val diff_eq_eq = thm "diff_eq_eq";
    val eq_diff_eq = thm "eq_diff_eq";
    val diff_diff_eq = thm "diff_diff_eq";
    val diff_diff_eq2 = thm "diff_diff_eq2";
    val diff_add_cancel = thm "diff_add_cancel";
    val add_diff_cancel = thm "add_diff_cancel";
    val less_iff_diff_less_0 = thm "less_iff_diff_less_0";
    val diff_less_eq = thm "diff_less_eq";
    val less_diff_eq = thm "less_diff_eq";
    val diff_le_eq = thm "diff_le_eq";
    val le_diff_eq = thm "le_diff_eq";
    val compare_rls = thms "compare_rls";
    val eq_iff_diff_eq_0 = thm "eq_iff_diff_eq_0";
    val le_iff_diff_le_0 = thm "le_iff_diff_le_0";
    val add_meet_distrib_left = thm "add_meet_distrib_left";
    val add_join_distrib_left = thm "add_join_distrib_left";
    val is_join_neg_meet = thm "is_join_neg_meet";
    val is_meet_neg_join = thm "is_meet_neg_join";
    val add_join_distrib_right = thm "add_join_distrib_right";
    val add_meet_distrib_right = thm "add_meet_distrib_right";
    val add_meet_join_distribs = thms "add_meet_join_distribs";
    val join_eq_neg_meet = thm "join_eq_neg_meet";
    val meet_eq_neg_join = thm "meet_eq_neg_join";
    val add_eq_meet_join = thm "add_eq_meet_join";
    val prts = thm "prts";
    val zero_le_pprt = thm "zero_le_pprt";
    val nprt_le_zero = thm "nprt_le_zero";
    val le_eq_neg = thm "le_eq_neg";
    val join_0_imp_0 = thm "join_0_imp_0";
    val meet_0_imp_0 = thm "meet_0_imp_0";
    val join_0_eq_0 = thm "join_0_eq_0";
    val meet_0_eq_0 = thm "meet_0_eq_0";
    val zero_le_double_add_iff_zero_le_single_add = thm "zero_le_double_add_iff_zero_le_single_add";
    val double_add_le_zero_iff_single_add_le_zero = thm "double_add_le_zero_iff_single_add_le_zero";
    val double_add_less_zero_iff_single_less_zero = thm "double_add_less_zero_iff_single_less_zero";
    val abs_lattice = thm "abs_lattice";
    val abs_zero = thm "abs_zero";
    val abs_eq_0 = thm "abs_eq_0";
    val abs_0_eq = thm "abs_0_eq";
    val neg_meet_eq_join = thm "neg_meet_eq_join";
    val neg_join_eq_meet = thm "neg_join_eq_meet";
    val join_eq_if = thm "join_eq_if";
    val abs_if_lattice = thm "abs_if_lattice";
    val abs_ge_zero = thm "abs_ge_zero";
    val abs_le_zero_iff = thm "abs_le_zero_iff";
    val zero_less_abs_iff = thm "zero_less_abs_iff";
    val abs_not_less_zero = thm "abs_not_less_zero";
    val abs_ge_self = thm "abs_ge_self";
    val abs_ge_minus_self = thm "abs_ge_minus_self";
    val le_imp_join_eq = thm "le_imp_join_eq";
    val ge_imp_join_eq = thm "ge_imp_join_eq";
    val le_imp_meet_eq = thm "le_imp_meet_eq";
    val ge_imp_meet_eq = thm "ge_imp_meet_eq";
    val abs_prts = thm "abs_prts";
    val abs_minus_cancel = thm "abs_minus_cancel";
    val abs_idempotent = thm "abs_idempotent";
    val zero_le_iff_zero_nprt = thm "zero_le_iff_zero_nprt";
    val le_zero_iff_zero_pprt = thm "le_zero_iff_zero_pprt";
    val le_zero_iff_pprt_id = thm "le_zero_iff_pprt_id";
    val zero_le_iff_nprt_id = thm "zero_le_iff_nprt_id";
    val iff2imp = thm "iff2imp";
    (* val imp_abs_id = thm "imp_abs_id";
    val imp_abs_neg_id = thm "imp_abs_neg_id"; *)
    val abs_leI = thm "abs_leI";
    val le_minus_self_iff = thm "le_minus_self_iff";
    val minus_le_self_iff = thm "minus_le_self_iff";
    val abs_le_D1 = thm "abs_le_D1";
    val abs_le_D2 = thm "abs_le_D2";
    val abs_le_iff = thm "abs_le_iff";
    val abs_triangle_ineq = thm "abs_triangle_ineq";
    val abs_diff_triangle_ineq = thm "abs_diff_triangle_ineq";
    *}

    end

### Semigroups, Groups

lemma add_left_commute:

      a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

theorems add_ac:

      a + b + c = a + (b + c)

      a + b = b + a

      a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

theorems add_ac:

      a + b + c = a + (b + c)

      a + b = b + a

      a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

lemma mult_left_commute:

      a * (b * c) = b * (a * c)

theorems mult_ac:

      a * b * c = a * (b * c)

      a * b = b * a

      a * (b * c) = b * (a * c)

theorems mult_ac:

      a * b * c = a * (b * c)

      a * b = b * a

      a * (b * c) = b * (a * c)

lemma add_0_right:

      a + (0::'a) = a

lemma add_left_cancel:

      (a + b = a + c) = (b = c)

lemma add_right_cancel:

      (b + a = c + a) = (b = c)

lemma right_minus:

      a + - a = (0::'a)

lemma right_minus_eq:

      (a - b = (0::'a)) = (a = b)

lemma minus_minus:

      - (- a) = a

lemma equals_zero_I:

      a + b = (0::'a) ==> - a = b

lemma minus_zero:

      - (0::'a) = (0::'a)

lemma diff_self:

      a - a = (0::'a)

lemma diff_0:

      (0::'a) - a = - a

lemma diff_0_right:

      a - (0::'a) = a

lemma diff_minus_eq_add:

      a - - b = a + b

lemma neg_equal_iff_equal:

      (- a = - b) = (a = b)

lemma neg_equal_0_iff_equal:

      (- a = (0::'a)) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma neg_0_equal_iff_equal:

      ((0::'a) = - a) = ((0::'a) = a)

lemma equation_minus_iff:

      (a = - b) = (b = - a)

lemma minus_equation_iff:

      (- a = b) = (- b = a)

lemma minus_add_distrib:

      - (a + b) = - a + - b

lemma minus_diff_eq:

      - (a - b) = b - a

### (Partially) Ordered Groups

lemma add_right_mono:

      a ≤ b ==> a + c ≤ b + c

lemma add_mono:

      [| a ≤ b; c ≤ d |] ==> a + c ≤ b + d

lemma add_strict_left_mono:

      a < b ==> c + a < c + b

lemma add_strict_right_mono:

      a < b ==> a + c < b + c

lemma add_strict_mono:

      [| a < b; c < d |] ==> a + c < b + d

lemma add_less_le_mono:

      [| a < b; c ≤ d |] ==> a + c < b + d

lemma add_le_less_mono:

      [| a ≤ b; c < d |] ==> a + c < b + d

lemma add_less_imp_less_left:

      c + a < c + b ==> a < b

lemma add_less_imp_less_right:

      a + c < b + c ==> a < b

lemma add_less_cancel_left:

      (c + a < c + b) = (a < b)

lemma add_less_cancel_right:

      (a + c < b + c) = (a < b)

lemma add_le_cancel_left:

      (c + a ≤ c + b) = (a ≤ b)

lemma add_le_cancel_right:

      (a + c ≤ b + c) = (a ≤ b)

lemma add_le_imp_le_right:

      a + c ≤ b + c ==> a ≤ b

lemma add_increasing:

      [| (0::'a) ≤ a; b ≤ c |] ==> b ≤ a + c

lemma add_increasing2:

      [| (0::'a) ≤ c; b ≤ a |] ==> b ≤ a + c

lemma add_strict_increasing:

      [| (0::'a) < a; b ≤ c |] ==> b < a + c

lemma add_strict_increasing2:

      [| (0::'a) ≤ a; b < c |] ==> b < a + c

### Ordering Rules for Unary Minus

lemma le_imp_neg_le:

      a ≤ b ==> - b ≤ - a

lemma neg_le_iff_le:

      (- b ≤ - a) = (a ≤ b)

lemma neg_le_0_iff_le:

      (- a ≤ (0::'a)) = ((0::'a) ≤ a)

lemma neg_0_le_iff_le:

      ((0::'a) ≤ - a) = (a ≤ (0::'a))

lemma neg_less_iff_less:

      (- b < - a) = (a < b)

lemma neg_less_0_iff_less:

      (- a < (0::'a)) = ((0::'a) < a)

lemma neg_0_less_iff_less:

      ((0::'a) < - a) = (a < (0::'a))

lemma less_minus_iff:

      (a < - b) = (b < - a)

lemma minus_less_iff:

      (- a < b) = (- b < a)

lemma le_minus_iff:

      (a ≤ - b) = (b ≤ - a)

lemma minus_le_iff:

      (- a ≤ b) = (- b ≤ a)

lemma add_diff_eq:

      a + (b - c) = a + b - c

lemma diff_add_eq:

      a - b + c = a + c - b

lemma diff_eq_eq:

      (a - b = c) = (a = c + b)

lemma eq_diff_eq:

      (a = c - b) = (a + b = c)

lemma diff_diff_eq:

      a - b - c = a - (b + c)

lemma diff_diff_eq2:

      a - (b - c) = a + c - b

lemma diff_add_cancel:

      a - b + b = a

lemma add_diff_cancel:

      a + b - b = a

lemma less_iff_diff_less_0:

      (a < b) = (a - b < (0::'a))

lemma diff_less_eq:

      (a - b < c) = (a < c + b)

lemma less_diff_eq:

      (a < c - b) = (a + b < c)

lemma diff_le_eq:

      (a - b ≤ c) = (a ≤ c + b)

lemma le_diff_eq:

      (a ≤ c - b) = (a + b ≤ c)

lemmas compare_rls:

      a1 + - b1 = a1 - b1

      a + (b - c) = a + b - c

      a - b + c = a + c - b

      a - b - c = a - (b + c)

      a - (b - c) = a + c - b

      (a - b < c) = (a < c + b)

      (a < c - b) = (a + b < c)

      (a - b ≤ c) = (a ≤ c + b)

      (a ≤ c - b) = (a + b ≤ c)

      (a - b = c) = (a = c + b)

      (a = c - b) = (a + b = c)

lemmas compare_rls:

      a1 + - b1 = a1 - b1

      a + (b - c) = a + b - c

      a - b + c = a + c - b

      a - b - c = a - (b + c)

      a - (b - c) = a + c - b

      (a - b < c) = (a < c + b)

      (a < c - b) = (a + b < c)

      (a - b ≤ c) = (a ≤ c + b)

      (a ≤ c - b) = (a + b ≤ c)

      (a - b = c) = (a = c + b)

      (a = c - b) = (a + b = c)

### Support for reasoning about signs

lemma add_pos_pos:

      [| (0::'a) < x; (0::'a) < y |] ==> (0::'a) < x + y

lemma add_pos_nonneg:

      [| (0::'a) < x; (0::'a) ≤ y |] ==> (0::'a) < x + y

lemma add_nonneg_pos:

      [| (0::'a) ≤ x; (0::'a) < y |] ==> (0::'a) < x + y

lemma add_nonneg_nonneg:

      [| (0::'a) ≤ x; (0::'a) ≤ y |] ==> (0::'a) ≤ x + y

lemma add_neg_neg:

      [| x < (0::'a); y < (0::'a) |] ==> x + y < (0::'a)

lemma add_neg_nonpos:

      [| x < (0::'a); y ≤ (0::'a) |] ==> x + y < (0::'a)

lemma add_nonpos_neg:

      [| x ≤ (0::'a); y < (0::'a) |] ==> x + y < (0::'a)

lemma add_nonpos_nonpos:

      [| x ≤ (0::'a); y ≤ (0::'a) |] ==> x + y ≤ (0::'a)

### Lemmas for the @{text cancel_numerals} simproc

lemma eq_iff_diff_eq_0:

      (a = b) = (a - b = (0::'a))

lemma le_iff_diff_le_0:

      (a ≤ b) = (a - b ≤ (0::'a))

### Lattice Ordered (Abelian) Groups

lemma add_meet_distrib_left:

      a + meet b c = meet (a + b) (a + c)

lemma add_join_distrib_left:

      a + join b c = join (a + b) (a + c)

lemma is_join_neg_meet:

      is_join (%a b. - meet (- a) (- b))

lemma is_meet_neg_join:

      is_meet (%a b. - join (- a) (- b))

lemma add_join_distrib_right:

      join a b + c = join (a + c) (b + c)

lemma add_meet_distrib_right:

      meet a b + c = meet (a + c) (b + c)

lemmas add_meet_join_distribs:

      meet a b + c = meet (a + c) (b + c)

      a + meet b c = meet (a + b) (a + c)

      join a b + c = join (a + c) (b + c)

      a + join b c = join (a + b) (a + c)

lemmas add_meet_join_distribs:

      meet a b + c = meet (a + c) (b + c)

      a + meet b c = meet (a + b) (a + c)

      join a b + c = join (a + c) (b + c)

      a + join b c = join (a + b) (a + c)

lemma join_eq_neg_meet:

      join a b = - meet (- a) (- b)

lemma meet_eq_neg_join:

      meet a b = - join (- a) (- b)

lemma add_eq_meet_join:

      a + b = join a b + meet a b

### Positive Part, Negative Part, Absolute Value

lemma prts:

      a = pprt a + nprt a

lemma zero_le_pprt:

      (0::'a) ≤ pprt a

lemma nprt_le_zero:

      nprt a ≤ (0::'a)

lemma le_eq_neg:

      (a ≤ - b) = (a + b ≤ (0::'a))

lemma pprt_0:

      pprt (0::'a) = (0::'a)

lemma nprt_0:

      nprt (0::'a) = (0::'a)

lemma pprt_eq_id:

      (0::'a) ≤ x ==> pprt x = x

lemma nprt_eq_id:

      x ≤ (0::'a) ==> nprt x = x

lemma pprt_eq_0:

      x ≤ (0::'a) ==> pprt x = (0::'a)

lemma nprt_eq_0:

      (0::'a) ≤ x ==> nprt x = (0::'a)

lemma join_0_imp_0:

      join a (- a) = (0::'a) ==> a = (0::'a)

lemma meet_0_imp_0:

      meet a (- a) = (0::'a) ==> a = (0::'a)

lemma join_0_eq_0:

      (join a (- a) = (0::'a)) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma meet_0_eq_0:

      (meet a (- a) = (0::'a)) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma zero_le_double_add_iff_zero_le_single_add:

      ((0::'a) ≤ a + a) = ((0::'a) ≤ a)

lemma double_add_le_zero_iff_single_add_le_zero:

      (a + a ≤ (0::'a)) = (a ≤ (0::'a))

lemma double_add_less_zero_iff_single_less_zero:

      (a + a < (0::'a)) = (a < (0::'a))

lemma abs_zero:

      ¦0::'a¦ = (0::'a)

lemma abs_eq_0:

      (¦a¦ = (0::'a)) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma abs_0_eq:

      ((0::'a) = ¦a¦) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma neg_meet_eq_join:

      - meet a b = join (- a) (- b)

lemma neg_join_eq_meet:

      - join a b = meet (- a) (- b)

lemma join_eq_if:

      join a (- a) = (if a < (0::'a) then - a else a)

lemma abs_if_lattice:

      ¦a¦ = (if a < (0::'a) then - a else a)

lemma abs_ge_zero:

      (0::'a) ≤ ¦a¦

lemma abs_le_zero_iff:

      (¦a¦ ≤ (0::'a)) = (a = (0::'a))

lemma zero_less_abs_iff:

      ((0::'a) < ¦a¦) = (a ≠ (0::'a))

lemma abs_not_less_zero:

      ¬ ¦a¦ < (0::'a)

lemma abs_ge_self:

      a ≤ ¦a¦

lemma abs_ge_minus_self:

      - a ≤ ¦a¦

lemma le_imp_join_eq:

      a ≤ b ==> join a b = b

lemma ge_imp_join_eq:

      b ≤ a ==> join a b = a

lemma le_imp_meet_eq:

      a ≤ b ==> meet a b = a

lemma ge_imp_meet_eq:

      b ≤ a ==> meet a b = b

lemma abs_prts:

      ¦a¦ = pprt a - nprt a

lemma abs_minus_cancel:

      ¦- a¦ = ¦a¦

lemma abs_idempotent:

      ¦¦a¦¦ = ¦a¦

lemma abs_minus_commute:

      ¦a - b¦ = ¦b - a¦

lemma zero_le_iff_zero_nprt:

      ((0::'a) ≤ a) = (nprt a = (0::'a))

lemma le_zero_iff_zero_pprt:

      (a ≤ (0::'a)) = (pprt a = (0::'a))

lemma le_zero_iff_pprt_id:

      ((0::'a) ≤ a) = (pprt a = a)

lemma zero_le_iff_nprt_id:

      (a ≤ (0::'a)) = (nprt a = a)

lemma pprt_mono:

      a ≤ b ==> pprt a ≤ pprt b

lemma nprt_mono:

      a ≤ b ==> nprt a ≤ nprt b

lemma iff2imp:

      [| A = B; A |] ==> B

lemma abs_of_nonneg:

      (0::'a) ≤ a ==> ¦a¦ = a

lemma abs_of_pos:

      (0::'a) < x ==> ¦x¦ = x

lemma abs_of_nonpos:

      a ≤ (0::'a) ==> ¦a¦ = - a

lemma abs_of_neg:

      x < (0::'a) ==> ¦x¦ = - x

lemma abs_leI:

      [| a ≤ b; - a ≤ b |] ==> ¦a¦ ≤ b

lemma le_minus_self_iff:

      (a ≤ - a) = (a ≤ (0::'a))

lemma minus_le_self_iff:

      (- a ≤ a) = ((0::'a) ≤ a)

lemma abs_le_D1:

      ¦a¦ ≤ b ==> a ≤ b

lemma abs_le_D2:

      ¦a¦ ≤ b ==> - a ≤ b

lemma abs_le_iff:

      (¦a¦ ≤ b) = (a ≤ b ∧ - a ≤ b)

lemma abs_triangle_ineq:

      ¦a + b¦ ≤ ¦a¦ + ¦b¦

lemma abs_triangle_ineq2:

      ¦a¦ - ¦b¦ ≤ ¦a - b¦

lemma abs_triangle_ineq3:

      ¦¦a¦ - ¦b¦¦ ≤ ¦a - b¦

lemma abs_triangle_ineq4:

      ¦a - b¦ ≤ ¦a¦ + ¦b¦

lemma abs_diff_triangle_ineq:

      ¦a + b - (c + d)¦ ≤ ¦a - c¦ + ¦b - d¦

lemma abs_add_abs:

      ¦¦a¦ + ¦b¦¦ = ¦a¦ + ¦b¦

lemma add_cancel_21:

      (x + (y + z) = y + u) = (x + z = u)

lemma add_cancel_end:

      (x + (y + z) = y) = (x = - z)

lemma less_eqI:

      x - y = x' - y' ==> (x < y) = (x' < y')

lemma le_eqI:

      x - y = x' - y' ==> (y ≤ x) = (y' ≤ x')

lemma eq_eqI:

      x - y = x' - y' ==> (x = y) = (x' = y')

lemma diff_def:

      x - y == x + - y

lemma add_minus_cancel:

      a + (- a + b) = b

lemma minus_add_cancel:

      - a + (a + b) = b

lemma le_add_right_mono:

      [| a ≤ b + c; c ≤ d |] ==> a ≤ b + d

lemmas group_eq_simps:

      a * b * c = a * (b * c)

      a * b = b * a

      a * (b * c) = b * (a * c)

      a + b + c = a + (b + c)

      a + b = b + a

      a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

      a + (b - c) = a + b - c

      a - b + c = a + c - b

      a - b - c = a - (b + c)

      a - (b - c) = a + c - b

      (a - b = c) = (a = c + b)

      (a = c - b) = (a + b = c)

lemmas group_eq_simps:

      a * b * c = a * (b * c)

      a * b = b * a

      a * (b * c) = b * (a * c)

      a + b + c = a + (b + c)

      a + b = b + a

      a + (b + c) = b + (a + c)

      a + (b - c) = a + b - c

      a - b + c = a + c - b

      a - b - c = a - (b + c)

      a - (b - c) = a + c - b

      (a - b = c) = (a = c + b)

      (a = c - b) = (a + b = c)

lemma estimate_by_abs:

      a + b ≤ c ==> a ≤ c + ¦b¦

lemmas diff_less_0_iff_less:

      (a1 - b1 < (0::'a1)) = (a1 < b1)

lemmas diff_less_0_iff_less:

      (a1 - b1 < (0::'a1)) = (a1 < b1)

lemmas diff_eq_0_iff_eq:

      (a1 - b1 = (0::'a1)) = (a1 = b1)

lemmas diff_eq_0_iff_eq:

      (a1 - b1 = (0::'a1)) = (a1 = b1)

lemmas diff_le_0_iff_le:

      (a1 - b1 ≤ (0::'a1)) = (a1 ≤ b1)

lemmas diff_le_0_iff_le:

      (a1 - b1 ≤ (0::'a1)) = (a1 ≤ b1)