Theory RealPow (Isabelle2005: October 2005)

# Theory RealPow

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theory RealPow
imports RealDef
begin

    (*  Title       : HOL/Real/RealPow.thy
        ID          : $Id: RealPow.thy,v 1.25 2004/10/19 16:18:48 paulson Exp $
        Author      : Jacques D. Fleuriot
        Copyright   : 1998  University of Cambridge
        Description : Natural powers theory

    *)

    theory RealPow
    imports RealDef
    begin

    declare abs_mult_self [simp]

    instance real :: power ..

    primrec (realpow)
         realpow_0:   "r ^ 0       = 1"
         realpow_Suc: "r ^ (Suc n) = (r::real) * (r ^ n)"

    instance real :: recpower
    proof
      fix z :: real
      fix n :: nat
      show "z^0 = 1" by simp
      show "z^(Suc n) = z * (z^n)" by simp
    qed

    lemma realpow_not_zero: "r ≠ (0::real) ==> r ^ n ≠ 0"
      by (rule field_power_not_zero)

    lemma realpow_zero_zero: "r ^ n = (0::real) ==> r = 0"
    by simp

    lemma realpow_two: "(r::real)^ (Suc (Suc 0)) = r * r"
    by simp

    text{*Legacy: weaker version of the theorem @{text power_strict_mono},
    used 6 times in NthRoot and Transcendental*}
    lemma realpow_less:
         "[|(0::real) < x; x < y; 0 < n|] ==> x ^ n < y ^ n"
    apply (rule power_strict_mono, auto)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_le [simp]: "(0::real) ≤ r^ Suc (Suc 0)"
    by (simp add: real_le_square)

    lemma abs_realpow_two [simp]: "abs((x::real)^Suc (Suc 0)) = x^Suc (Suc 0)"
    by (simp add: abs_mult)

    lemma realpow_two_abs [simp]: "abs(x::real)^Suc (Suc 0) = x^Suc (Suc 0)"
    by (simp add: power_abs [symmetric] del: realpow_Suc)

    lemma two_realpow_ge_one [simp]: "(1::real) ≤ 2 ^ n"
    by (insert power_increasing [of 0 n "2::real"], simp)

    lemma two_realpow_gt [simp]: "real (n::nat) < 2 ^ n"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (auto simp add: real_of_nat_Suc)
    apply (subst mult_2)
    apply (rule real_add_less_le_mono)
    apply (auto simp add: two_realpow_ge_one)
    done

    lemma realpow_Suc_le_self: "[| 0 ≤ r; r ≤ (1::real) |] ==> r ^ Suc n ≤ r"
    by (insert power_decreasing [of 1 "Suc n" r], simp)

    text{*Used ONCE in Transcendental*}
    lemma realpow_Suc_less_one: "[| 0 < r; r < (1::real) |] ==> r ^ Suc n < 1"
    by (insert power_strict_decreasing [of 0 "Suc n" r], simp)

    text{*Used ONCE in Lim.ML*}
    lemma realpow_minus_mult [rule_format]:
         "0 < n --> (x::real) ^ (n - 1) * x = x ^ n"
    apply (simp split add: nat_diff_split)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_mult_inverse [simp]:
         "r ≠ 0 ==> r * inverse r ^Suc (Suc 0) = inverse (r::real)"
    by (simp add: realpow_two real_mult_assoc [symmetric])

    lemma realpow_two_minus [simp]: "(-x)^Suc (Suc 0) = (x::real)^Suc (Suc 0)"
    by simp

    lemma realpow_two_diff:
         "(x::real)^Suc (Suc 0) - y^Suc (Suc 0) = (x - y) * (x + y)"
    apply (unfold real_diff_def)
    apply (simp add: right_distrib left_distrib mult_ac)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_disj:
         "((x::real)^Suc (Suc 0) = y^Suc (Suc 0)) = (x = y | x = -y)"
    apply (cut_tac x = x and y = y in realpow_two_diff)
    apply (auto simp del: realpow_Suc)
    done

    lemma realpow_real_of_nat: "real (m::nat) ^ n = real (m ^ n)"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (auto simp add: real_of_nat_one real_of_nat_mult)
    done

    lemma realpow_real_of_nat_two_pos [simp] : "0 < real (Suc (Suc 0) ^ n)"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (auto simp add: real_of_nat_mult zero_less_mult_iff)
    done

    lemma realpow_increasing:
         "[|(0::real) ≤ x; 0 ≤ y; x ^ Suc n ≤ y ^ Suc n|] ==> x ≤ y"
      by (rule power_le_imp_le_base)

    lemma zero_less_realpow_abs_iff [simp]:
         "(0 < (abs x)^n) = (x ≠ (0::real) | n=0)"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (auto simp add: zero_less_mult_iff)
    done

    lemma zero_le_realpow_abs [simp]: "(0::real) ≤ (abs x)^n"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (auto simp add: zero_le_mult_iff)
    done

    subsection{*Literal Arithmetic Involving Powers, Type @{typ real}*}

    lemma real_of_int_power: "real (x::int) ^ n = real (x ^ n)"
    apply (induct "n")
    apply (simp_all add: nat_mult_distrib)
    done
    declare real_of_int_power [symmetric, simp]

    lemma power_real_number_of:
         "(number_of v :: real) ^ n = real ((number_of v :: int) ^ n)"
    by (simp only: real_number_of [symmetric] real_of_int_power)

    declare power_real_number_of [of _ "number_of w", standard, simp]

    subsection{*Various Other Theorems*}

    text{*Used several times in Hyperreal/Transcendental.ML*}
    lemma real_sum_squares_cancel_a: "x * x = -(y * y) ==> x = (0::real) & y=0"
      apply (auto dest: real_sum_squares_cancel simp add: real_add_eq_0_iff [symmetric])
      apply (auto dest: real_sum_squares_cancel simp add: add_commute)
      done

    lemma real_squared_diff_one_factored: "x*x - (1::real) = (x + 1)*(x - 1)"
    by (auto simp add: left_distrib right_distrib real_diff_def)

    lemma real_mult_is_one [simp]: "(x*x = (1::real)) = (x = 1 | x = - 1)"
    apply auto
    apply (drule right_minus_eq [THEN iffD2])
    apply (auto simp add: real_squared_diff_one_factored)
    done

    lemma real_le_add_half_cancel: "(x + y/2 ≤ (y::real)) = (x ≤ y /2)"
    by auto

    lemma real_minus_half_eq [simp]: "(x::real) - x/2 = x/2"
    by auto

    lemma real_mult_inverse_cancel:
         "[|(0::real) < x; 0 < x1; x1 * y < x * u |]
          ==> inverse x * y < inverse x1 * u"
    apply (rule_tac c=x in mult_less_imp_less_left)
    apply (auto simp add: real_mult_assoc [symmetric])
    apply (simp (no_asm) add: mult_ac)
    apply (rule_tac c=x1 in mult_less_imp_less_right)
    apply (auto simp add: mult_ac)
    done

    text{*Used once: in Hyperreal/Transcendental.ML*}
    lemma real_mult_inverse_cancel2:
         "[|(0::real) < x;0 < x1; x1 * y < x * u |] ==> y * inverse x < u * inverse x1"
    apply (auto dest: real_mult_inverse_cancel simp add: mult_ac)
    done

    lemma inverse_real_of_nat_gt_zero [simp]: "0 < inverse (real (Suc n))"
    by auto

    lemma inverse_real_of_nat_ge_zero [simp]: "0 ≤ inverse (real (Suc n))"
    by auto

    lemma real_sum_squares_not_zero: "x ~= 0 ==> x * x + y * y ~= (0::real)"
    by (blast dest!: real_sum_squares_cancel)

    lemma real_sum_squares_not_zero2: "y ~= 0 ==> x * x + y * y ~= (0::real)"
    by (blast dest!: real_sum_squares_cancel2)

    subsection {*Various Other Theorems*}

    lemma realpow_divide:
        "(x/y) ^ n = ((x::real) ^ n/ y ^ n)"
    apply (unfold real_divide_def)
    apply (auto simp add: power_mult_distrib power_inverse)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_sum_zero_iff [simp]:
         "(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 = (0::real)) = (x = 0 & y = 0)"
    apply (auto intro: real_sum_squares_cancel real_sum_squares_cancel2
                       simp add: power2_eq_square)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_le_add_order [simp]: "(0::real) ≤ u ^ 2 + v ^ 2"
    apply (rule real_le_add_order)
    apply (auto simp add: power2_eq_square)
    done

    lemma realpow_two_le_add_order2 [simp]: "(0::real) ≤ u ^ 2 + v ^ 2 + w ^ 2"
    apply (rule real_le_add_order)+
    apply (auto simp add: power2_eq_square)
    done

    lemma real_sum_square_gt_zero: "x ~= 0 ==> (0::real) < x * x + y * y"
    apply (cut_tac x = x and y = y in real_mult_self_sum_ge_zero)
    apply (drule real_le_imp_less_or_eq)
    apply (drule_tac y = y in real_sum_squares_not_zero, auto)
    done

    lemma real_sum_square_gt_zero2: "y ~= 0 ==> (0::real) < x * x + y * y"
    apply (rule real_add_commute [THEN subst])
    apply (erule real_sum_square_gt_zero)
    done

    lemma real_minus_mult_self_le [simp]: "-(u * u) ≤ (x * (x::real))"
    by (rule_tac j = 0 in real_le_trans, auto)

    lemma realpow_square_minus_le [simp]: "-(u ^ 2) ≤ (x::real) ^ 2"
    by (auto simp add: power2_eq_square)

    lemma realpow_num_eq_if: "(m::real) ^ n = (if n=0 then 1 else m * m ^ (n - 1))"
    by (case_tac "n", auto)

    lemma real_num_zero_less_two_pow [simp]: "0 < (2::real) ^ (4*d)"
    apply (induct "d")
    apply (auto simp add: realpow_num_eq_if)
    done

    lemma lemma_realpow_num_two_mono:
         "x * (4::real)   < y ==> x * (2 ^ 8) < y * (2 ^ 6)"
    apply (subgoal_tac " (2::real) ^ 8 = 4 * (2 ^ 6) ")
    apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: real_mult_assoc [symmetric])
    apply (auto simp add: realpow_num_eq_if)
    done

    ML
    {*
    val realpow_0 = thm "realpow_0";
    val realpow_Suc = thm "realpow_Suc";

    val realpow_not_zero = thm "realpow_not_zero";
    val realpow_zero_zero = thm "realpow_zero_zero";
    val realpow_two = thm "realpow_two";
    val realpow_less = thm "realpow_less";
    val realpow_two_le = thm "realpow_two_le";
    val abs_realpow_two = thm "abs_realpow_two";
    val realpow_two_abs = thm "realpow_two_abs";
    val two_realpow_ge_one = thm "two_realpow_ge_one";
    val two_realpow_gt = thm "two_realpow_gt";
    val realpow_Suc_le_self = thm "realpow_Suc_le_self";
    val realpow_Suc_less_one = thm "realpow_Suc_less_one";
    val realpow_minus_mult = thm "realpow_minus_mult";
    val realpow_two_mult_inverse = thm "realpow_two_mult_inverse";
    val realpow_two_minus = thm "realpow_two_minus";
    val realpow_two_disj = thm "realpow_two_disj";
    val realpow_real_of_nat = thm "realpow_real_of_nat";
    val realpow_real_of_nat_two_pos = thm "realpow_real_of_nat_two_pos";
    val realpow_increasing = thm "realpow_increasing";
    val zero_less_realpow_abs_iff = thm "zero_less_realpow_abs_iff";
    val zero_le_realpow_abs = thm "zero_le_realpow_abs";
    val real_of_int_power = thm "real_of_int_power";
    val power_real_number_of = thm "power_real_number_of";
    val real_sum_squares_cancel_a = thm "real_sum_squares_cancel_a";
    val real_mult_inverse_cancel2 = thm "real_mult_inverse_cancel2";
    val real_squared_diff_one_factored = thm "real_squared_diff_one_factored";
    val real_mult_is_one = thm "real_mult_is_one";
    val real_le_add_half_cancel = thm "real_le_add_half_cancel";
    val real_minus_half_eq = thm "real_minus_half_eq";
    val real_mult_inverse_cancel = thm "real_mult_inverse_cancel";
    val real_mult_inverse_cancel2 = thm "real_mult_inverse_cancel2";
    val inverse_real_of_nat_gt_zero = thm "inverse_real_of_nat_gt_zero";
    val inverse_real_of_nat_ge_zero = thm "inverse_real_of_nat_ge_zero";
    val real_sum_squares_not_zero = thm "real_sum_squares_not_zero";
    val real_sum_squares_not_zero2 = thm "real_sum_squares_not_zero2";

    val realpow_divide = thm "realpow_divide";
    val realpow_two_sum_zero_iff = thm "realpow_two_sum_zero_iff";
    val realpow_two_le_add_order = thm "realpow_two_le_add_order";
    val realpow_two_le_add_order2 = thm "realpow_two_le_add_order2";
    val real_sum_square_gt_zero = thm "real_sum_square_gt_zero";
    val real_sum_square_gt_zero2 = thm "real_sum_square_gt_zero2";
    val real_minus_mult_self_le = thm "real_minus_mult_self_le";
    val realpow_square_minus_le = thm "realpow_square_minus_le";
    val realpow_num_eq_if = thm "realpow_num_eq_if";
    val real_num_zero_less_two_pow = thm "real_num_zero_less_two_pow";
    val lemma_realpow_num_two_mono = thm "lemma_realpow_num_two_mono";
    *}

    end

lemma realpow_not_zero:

      r ≠ 0 ==> r ^ n ≠ 0

lemma realpow_zero_zero:

      r ^ n = 0 ==> r = 0

lemma realpow_two:

      r ^ Suc (Suc 0) = r * r

lemma realpow_less:

      [| 0 < x; x < y; 0 < n |] ==> x ^ n < y ^ n

lemma realpow_two_le:

      0 ≤ r ^ Suc (Suc 0)

lemma abs_realpow_two:

      ¦x ^ Suc (Suc 0)¦ = x ^ Suc (Suc 0)

lemma realpow_two_abs:

      ¦x¦ ^ Suc (Suc 0) = x ^ Suc (Suc 0)

lemma two_realpow_ge_one:

      1 ≤ 2 ^ n

lemma two_realpow_gt:

      real n < 2 ^ n

lemma realpow_Suc_le_self:

      [| 0 ≤ r; r ≤ 1 |] ==> r ^ Suc n ≤ r

lemma realpow_Suc_less_one:

      [| 0 < r; r < 1 |] ==> r ^ Suc n < 1

lemma realpow_minus_mult:

      0 < n ==> x ^ (n - 1) * x = x ^ n

lemma realpow_two_mult_inverse:

      r ≠ 0 ==> r * inverse r ^ Suc (Suc 0) = inverse r

lemma realpow_two_minus:

      (- x) ^ Suc (Suc 0) = x ^ Suc (Suc 0)

lemma realpow_two_diff:

      x ^ Suc (Suc 0) - y ^ Suc (Suc 0) = (x - y) * (x + y)

lemma realpow_two_disj:

      (x ^ Suc (Suc 0) = y ^ Suc (Suc 0)) = (x = y ∨ x = - y)

lemma realpow_real_of_nat:

      real m ^ n = real (m ^ n)

lemma realpow_real_of_nat_two_pos:

      0 < real (Suc (Suc 0) ^ n)

lemma realpow_increasing:

      [| 0 ≤ x; 0 ≤ y; x ^ Suc n ≤ y ^ Suc n |] ==> x ≤ y

lemma zero_less_realpow_abs_iff:

      (0 < ¦x¦ ^ n) = (x ≠ 0 ∨ n = 0)

lemma zero_le_realpow_abs:

      0 ≤ ¦x¦ ^ n

### Literal Arithmetic Involving Powers, Type @{typ real}

lemma real_of_int_power:

      real x ^ n = real (x ^ n)

lemma power_real_number_of:

      number_of v ^ n = real (number_of v ^ n)

### Various Other Theorems

lemma real_sum_squares_cancel_a:

      x * x = - (y * y) ==> x = 0 ∧ y = 0

lemma real_squared_diff_one_factored:

      x * x - 1 = (x + 1) * (x - 1)

lemma real_mult_is_one:

      (x * x = 1) = (x = 1 ∨ x = - 1)

lemma real_le_add_half_cancel:

      (x + y / 2 ≤ y) = (x ≤ y / 2)

lemma real_minus_half_eq:

      x - x / 2 = x / 2

lemma real_mult_inverse_cancel:

      [| 0 < x; 0 < x1.0; x1.0 * y < x * u |] ==> inverse x * y < inverse x1.0 * u

lemma real_mult_inverse_cancel2:

      [| 0 < x; 0 < x1.0; x1.0 * y < x * u |] ==> y * inverse x < u * inverse x1.0

lemma inverse_real_of_nat_gt_zero:

      0 < inverse (real (Suc n))

lemma inverse_real_of_nat_ge_zero:

      0 ≤ inverse (real (Suc n))

lemma real_sum_squares_not_zero:

      x ≠ 0 ==> x * x + y * y ≠ 0

lemma real_sum_squares_not_zero2:

      y ≠ 0 ==> x * x + y * y ≠ 0

### Various Other Theorems

lemma realpow_divide:

      (x / y) ^ n = x ^ n / y ^ n

lemma realpow_two_sum_zero_iff:

      (x² + y² = 0) = (x = 0 ∧ y = 0)

lemma realpow_two_le_add_order:

      0 ≤ u² + v²

lemma realpow_two_le_add_order2:

      0 ≤ u² + v² + w²

lemma real_sum_square_gt_zero:

      x ≠ 0 ==> 0 < x * x + y * y

lemma real_sum_square_gt_zero2:

      y ≠ 0 ==> 0 < x * x + y * y

lemma real_minus_mult_self_le:

      - (u * u) ≤ x * x

lemma realpow_square_minus_le:

      - u² ≤ x²

lemma realpow_num_eq_if:

      m ^ n = (if n = 0 then 1 else m * m ^ (n - 1))

lemma real_num_zero_less_two_pow:

      0 < 2 ^ (4 * d)

lemma lemma_realpow_num_two_mono:

      x * 4 < y ==> x * 2 ^ 8 < y * 2 ^ 6