Theory MultisetSum (Isabelle2005: October 2005)

# Theory MultisetSum

Up to index of Isabelle/ZF/UNITY

theory MultisetSum
imports Multiset
begin

    (*  Title:      ZF/UNITY/MultusetSum.thy
        ID:         $Id: MultisetSum.thy,v 1.2 2004/09/19 14:51:10 paulson Exp $
        Author:     Sidi O Ehmety
    *)

    header {*Setsum for Multisets*}

    theory MultisetSum
    imports "../Induct/Multiset"
    begin

    constdefs

      lcomm :: "[i, i, [i,i]=>i]=>o"
      "lcomm(A, B, f) ==
       (∀x ∈ A. ∀y ∈ A. ∀z ∈ B. f(x, f(y, z))= f(y, f(x, z)))  &
       (∀x ∈ A. ∀y ∈ B. f(x, y) ∈ B)"

      general_setsum :: "[i,i,i, [i,i]=>i, i=>i] =>i"
       "general_setsum(C, B, e, f, g) ==
        if Finite(C) then fold[cons(e, B)](%x y. f(g(x), y), e, C) else e"

      msetsum :: "[i=>i, i, i]=>i"
      "msetsum(g, C, B) == normalize(general_setsum(C, Mult(B), 0, op +#, g))"

      (* sum for naturals *)
      nsetsum :: "[i=>i, i] =>i"
      "nsetsum(g, C) == general_setsum(C, nat, 0, op #+, g)"

    lemma mset_of_normalize: "mset_of(normalize(M)) ⊆ mset_of(M)"
    by (auto simp add: mset_of_def normalize_def)

    lemma general_setsum_0 [simp]: "general_setsum(0, B, e, f, g) = e"
    by (simp add: general_setsum_def)

    lemma general_setsum_cons [simp]:
    "[| C ∈ Fin(A); a ∈ A; a∉C; e ∈ B; ∀x ∈ A. g(x) ∈ B; lcomm(B, B, f) |] ==>
      general_setsum(cons(a, C), B, e, f, g) =
        f(g(a), general_setsum(C, B, e, f,g))"
    apply (simp add: general_setsum_def)
    apply  (auto simp add: Fin_into_Finite [THEN Finite_cons] cons_absorb)
    prefer 2 apply (blast dest: Fin_into_Finite)
    apply (rule fold_typing.fold_cons)
    apply (auto simp add: fold_typing_def lcomm_def)
    done

    (** lcomm **)

    lemma lcomm_mono: "[| C⊆A; lcomm(A, B, f) |] ==> lcomm(C, B,f)"
    by (auto simp add: lcomm_def, blast)

    lemma munion_lcomm [simp]: "lcomm(Mult(A), Mult(A), op +#)"
    by (auto simp add: lcomm_def Mult_iff_multiset munion_lcommute)

    (** msetsum **)

    lemma multiset_general_setsum:
         "[| C ∈ Fin(A); ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x))& mset_of(g(x))⊆B  |]
          ==> multiset(general_setsum(C, B -||> nat - {0}, 0, λu v. u +# v, g))"
    apply (erule Fin_induct, auto)
    apply (subst general_setsum_cons)
    apply (auto simp add: Mult_iff_multiset)
    done

    lemma msetsum_0 [simp]: "msetsum(g, 0, B) = 0"
    by (simp add: msetsum_def)

    lemma msetsum_cons [simp]:
      "[| C ∈ Fin(A); a∉C; a ∈ A; ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x)) & mset_of(g(x))⊆B  |]
       ==> msetsum(g, cons(a, C), B) = g(a) +#  msetsum(g, C, B)"
    apply (simp add: msetsum_def)
    apply (subst general_setsum_cons)
    apply (auto simp add: multiset_general_setsum Mult_iff_multiset)
    done

    (* msetsum type *)

    lemma msetsum_multiset: "multiset(msetsum(g, C, B))"
    by (simp add: msetsum_def)

    lemma mset_of_msetsum:
         "[| C ∈ Fin(A); ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x)) & mset_of(g(x))⊆B |]
          ==> mset_of(msetsum(g, C, B))⊆B"
    by (erule Fin_induct, auto)

    (*The reversed orientation looks more natural, but LOOPS as a simprule!*)
    lemma msetsum_Un_Int:
         "[| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A); ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x)) & mset_of(g(x))⊆B |]
          ==> msetsum(g, C Un D, B) +# msetsum(g, C Int D, B)
            = msetsum(g, C, B) +# msetsum(g, D, B)"
    apply (erule Fin_induct)
    apply (subgoal_tac [2] "cons (x, y) Un D = cons (x, y Un D) ")
    apply (auto simp add: msetsum_multiset)
    apply (subgoal_tac "y Un D ∈ Fin (A) & y Int D ∈ Fin (A) ")
    apply clarify
    apply (case_tac "x ∈ D")
    apply (subgoal_tac [2] "cons (x, y) Int D = y Int D")
    apply (subgoal_tac "cons (x, y) Int D = cons (x, y Int D) ")
    apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: cons_absorb munion_assoc msetsum_multiset)
    apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: munion_lcommute msetsum_multiset)
    apply auto
    done

    lemma msetsum_Un_disjoint:
         "[| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A); C Int D = 0;
             ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x)) & mset_of(g(x))⊆B |]
          ==> msetsum(g, C Un D, B) = msetsum(g, C, B) +# msetsum(g,D, B)"
    apply (subst msetsum_Un_Int [symmetric])
    apply (auto simp add: msetsum_multiset)
    done

    lemma UN_Fin_lemma [rule_format (no_asm)]:
         "I ∈ Fin(A) ==> (∀i ∈ I. C(i) ∈ Fin(B)) --> (\<Union>i ∈ I. C(i)):Fin(B)"
    by (erule Fin_induct, auto)

    lemma msetsum_UN_disjoint [rule_format (no_asm)]:
         "[| I ∈ Fin(K); ∀i ∈ K. C(i) ∈ Fin(A) |] ==>
          (∀x ∈ A. multiset(f(x)) & mset_of(f(x))⊆B) -->
          (∀i ∈ I. ∀j ∈ I. i≠j --> C(i) Int C(j) = 0) -->
            msetsum(f, \<Union>i ∈ I. C(i), B) = msetsum (%i. msetsum(f, C(i),B), I, B)"
    apply (erule Fin_induct, auto)
    apply (subgoal_tac "∀i ∈ y. x ≠ i")
     prefer 2 apply blast
    apply (subgoal_tac "C(x) Int (\<Union>i ∈ y. C (i)) = 0")
     prefer 2 apply blast
    apply (subgoal_tac " (\<Union>i ∈ y. C (i)):Fin (A) & C(x) :Fin (A) ")
    prefer 2 apply (blast intro: UN_Fin_lemma dest: FinD, clarify)
    apply (simp (no_asm_simp) add: msetsum_Un_disjoint)
    apply (subgoal_tac "∀x ∈ K. multiset (msetsum (f, C(x), B)) & mset_of (msetsum (f, C(x), B)) ⊆ B")
    apply (simp (no_asm_simp))
    apply clarify
    apply (drule_tac x = xa in bspec)
    apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: msetsum_multiset mset_of_msetsum)
    done

    lemma msetsum_addf:
        "[| C ∈ Fin(A);
          ∀x ∈ A. multiset(f(x)) & mset_of(f(x))⊆B;
          ∀x ∈ A. multiset(g(x)) & mset_of(g(x))⊆B |] ==>
          msetsum(%x. f(x) +# g(x), C, B) = msetsum(f, C, B) +# msetsum(g, C, B)"
    apply (subgoal_tac "∀x ∈ A. multiset (f(x) +# g(x)) & mset_of (f(x) +# g(x)) ⊆ B")
    apply (erule Fin_induct)
    apply (auto simp add: munion_ac)
    done

    lemma msetsum_cong:
        "[| C=D; !!x. x ∈ D ==> f(x) = g(x) |]
         ==> msetsum(f, C, B) = msetsum(g, D, B)"
    by (simp add: msetsum_def general_setsum_def cong add: fold_cong)

    lemma multiset_union_diff: "[| multiset(M); multiset(N) |] ==> M +# N -# N = M"
    by (simp add: multiset_equality)

    lemma msetsum_Un: "[| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A);
      ∀x ∈ A. multiset(f(x)) & mset_of(f(x)) ⊆ B  |]
       ==> msetsum(f, C Un D, B) =
              msetsum(f, C, B) +# msetsum(f, D, B) -# msetsum(f, C Int D, B)"
    apply (subgoal_tac "C Un D ∈ Fin (A) & C Int D ∈ Fin (A) ")
    apply clarify
    apply (subst msetsum_Un_Int [symmetric])
    apply (simp_all (no_asm_simp) add: msetsum_multiset multiset_union_diff)
    apply (blast dest: FinD)
    done

    lemma nsetsum_0 [simp]: "nsetsum(g, 0)=0"
    by (simp add: nsetsum_def)

    lemma nsetsum_cons [simp]:
         "[| Finite(C); x∉C |] ==> nsetsum(g, cons(x, C))= g(x) #+ nsetsum(g, C)"
    apply (simp add: nsetsum_def general_setsum_def)
    apply (rule_tac A = "cons (x, C)" in fold_typing.fold_cons)
    apply (auto intro: Finite_cons_lemma simp add: fold_typing_def)
    done

    lemma nsetsum_type [simp,TC]: "nsetsum(g, C) ∈ nat"
    apply (case_tac "Finite (C) ")
     prefer 2 apply (simp add: nsetsum_def general_setsum_def)
    apply (erule Finite_induct, auto)
    done

    ML
    {*
    val mset_of_normalize = thm "mset_of_normalize";
    val general_setsum_0 = thm "general_setsum_0";
    val general_setsum_cons = thm "general_setsum_cons";
    val lcomm_mono = thm "lcomm_mono";
    val munion_lcomm = thm "munion_lcomm";
    val multiset_general_setsum = thm "multiset_general_setsum";
    val msetsum_0 = thm "msetsum_0";
    val msetsum_cons = thm "msetsum_cons";
    val msetsum_multiset = thm "msetsum_multiset";
    val mset_of_msetsum = thm "mset_of_msetsum";
    val msetsum_Un_Int = thm "msetsum_Un_Int";
    val msetsum_Un_disjoint = thm "msetsum_Un_disjoint";
    val UN_Fin_lemma = thm "UN_Fin_lemma";
    val msetsum_UN_disjoint = thm "msetsum_UN_disjoint";
    val msetsum_addf = thm "msetsum_addf";
    val msetsum_cong = thm "msetsum_cong";
    val multiset_union_diff = thm "multiset_union_diff";
    val msetsum_Un = thm "msetsum_Un";
    val nsetsum_0 = thm "nsetsum_0";
    val nsetsum_cons = thm "nsetsum_cons";
    val nsetsum_type = thm "nsetsum_type";
    *}

    end

lemma mset_of_normalize:

      mset_of(normalize(M)) ⊆ mset_of(M)

lemma general_setsum_0:

      general_setsum(0, B, e, f, g) = e

lemma general_setsum_cons:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); a ∈ A; a ∉ C; e ∈ B; ∀x∈A. g(x) ∈ B; lcomm(B, B, f) |]
      ==> general_setsum(cons(a, C), B, e, f, g) =
          f(g(a), general_setsum(C, B, e, f, g))

lemma lcomm_mono:

      [| C ⊆ A; lcomm(A, B, f) |] ==> lcomm(C, B, f)

lemma munion_lcomm:

      lcomm(A -||> nat - {0}, A -||> nat - {0}, op +#)

lemma multiset_general_setsum:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> multiset(general_setsum(C, B -||> nat - {0}, 0, %u v. u +# v, g))

lemma msetsum_0:

      msetsum(g, 0, B) = 0

lemma msetsum_cons:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); a ∉ C; a ∈ A; ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> msetsum(g, cons(a, C), B) = g(a) +# msetsum(g, C, B)

lemma msetsum_multiset:

      multiset(msetsum(g, C, B))

lemma mset_of_msetsum:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> mset_of(msetsum(g, C, B)) ⊆ B

lemma msetsum_Un_Int:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> msetsum(g, C ∪ D, B) +# msetsum(g, C ∩ D, B) =
          msetsum(g, C, B) +# msetsum(g, D, B)

lemma msetsum_Un_disjoint:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A); C ∩ D = 0;
         ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> msetsum(g, C ∪ D, B) = msetsum(g, C, B) +# msetsum(g, D, B)

lemma UN_Fin_lemma:

      [| I ∈ Fin(A); ∀i∈I. C(i) ∈ Fin(B) |] ==> \<Union>RepFun(I, C) ∈ Fin(B)

lemma msetsum_UN_disjoint:

      [| I ∈ Fin(K); ∀i∈K. C(i) ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(f(x)) ∧ mset_of(f(x)) ⊆ B;
         ∀i∈I. ∀j∈I. i ≠ j --> C(i) ∩ C(j) = 0 |]
      ==> msetsum(f, \<Union>RepFun(I, C), B) = msetsum(%i. msetsum(f, C(i), B), I, B)

lemma msetsum_addf:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(f(x)) ∧ mset_of(f(x)) ⊆ B;
         ∀x∈A. multiset(g(x)) ∧ mset_of(g(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> msetsum(%x. f(x) +# g(x), C, B) = msetsum(f, C, B) +# msetsum(g, C, B)

lemma msetsum_cong:

      [| C = D; !!x. x ∈ D ==> f(x) = g(x) |] ==> msetsum(f, C, B) = msetsum(g, D, B)

lemma multiset_union_diff:

      [| multiset(M); multiset(N) |] ==> M +# N -# N = M

lemma msetsum_Un:

      [| C ∈ Fin(A); D ∈ Fin(A); ∀x∈A. multiset(f(x)) ∧ mset_of(f(x)) ⊆ B |]
      ==> msetsum(f, C ∪ D, B) =
          msetsum(f, C, B) +# msetsum(f, D, B) -# msetsum(f, C ∩ D, B)

lemma nsetsum_0:

      nsetsum(g, 0) = 0

lemma nsetsum_cons:

      [| Finite(C); x ∉ C |] ==> nsetsum(g, cons(x, C)) = g(x) #+ nsetsum(g, C)

lemma nsetsum_type:

      nsetsum(g, C) ∈ nat