Theory Lattice_Locales (Isabelle2005: October 2005)

# Theory Lattice_Locales

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theory Lattice_Locales
imports HOL
begin

    (*  Title:      HOL/Lattices.thy
        ID:         $Id: Lattice_Locales.thy,v 1.3 2005/04/21 15:22:17 nipkow Exp $
        Author:     Tobias Nipkow
    *)

    header {* Lattices via Locales *}

    theory Lattice_Locales
    imports HOL
    begin

    subsection{* Lattices *}

    text{* This theory of lattice locales only defines binary sup and inf
    operations. The extension to finite sets is done in theory @{text
    Finite_Set}. In the longer term it may be better to define arbitrary
    sups and infs via @{text THE}. *}

    locale partial_order =
      fixes below :: "'a => 'a => bool" (infixl "\<sqsubseteq>" 50)
      assumes refl[iff]: "x \<sqsubseteq> x"
      and trans: "x \<sqsubseteq> y ==> y \<sqsubseteq> z ==> x \<sqsubseteq> z"
      and antisym: "x \<sqsubseteq> y ==> y \<sqsubseteq> x ==> x = y"

    locale lower_semilattice = partial_order +
      fixes inf :: "'a => 'a => 'a" (infixl "\<sqinter>" 70)
      assumes inf_le1: "x \<sqinter> y \<sqsubseteq> x" and inf_le2: "x \<sqinter> y \<sqsubseteq> y"
      and inf_least: "x \<sqsubseteq> y ==> x \<sqsubseteq> z ==> x \<sqsubseteq> y \<sqinter> z"

    locale upper_semilattice = partial_order +
      fixes sup :: "'a => 'a => 'a" (infixl "\<squnion>" 65)
      assumes sup_ge1: "x \<sqsubseteq> x \<squnion> y" and sup_ge2: "y \<sqsubseteq> x \<squnion> y"
      and sup_greatest: "y \<sqsubseteq> x ==> z \<sqsubseteq> x ==> y \<squnion> z \<sqsubseteq> x"

    locale lattice = lower_semilattice + upper_semilattice

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_commute: "(x \<sqinter> y) = (y \<sqinter> x)"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_le2 inf_least)

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_commute: "(x \<squnion> y) = (y \<squnion> x)"
    by(blast intro: antisym sup_ge1 sup_ge2 sup_greatest)

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_assoc: "(x \<sqinter> y) \<sqinter> z = x \<sqinter> (y \<sqinter> z)"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_le2 inf_least trans del:refl)

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_assoc: "(x \<squnion> y) \<squnion> z = x \<squnion> (y \<squnion> z)"
    by(blast intro!: antisym sup_ge1 sup_ge2 intro: sup_greatest trans del:refl)

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_idem[simp]: "x \<sqinter> x = x"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_le2 inf_least refl)

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_idem[simp]: "x \<squnion> x = x"
    by(blast intro: antisym sup_ge1 sup_ge2 sup_greatest refl)

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_left_idem[simp]: "x \<sqinter> (x \<sqinter> y) = x \<sqinter> y"
    by (simp add: inf_assoc[symmetric])

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_left_idem[simp]: "x \<squnion> (x \<squnion> y) = x \<squnion> y"
    by (simp add: sup_assoc[symmetric])

    lemma (in lattice) inf_sup_absorb: "x \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> y) = x"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_least sup_ge1)

    lemma (in lattice) sup_inf_absorb: "x \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> y) = x"
    by(blast intro: antisym sup_ge1 sup_greatest inf_le1)

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_absorb: "x \<sqsubseteq> y ==> x \<sqinter> y = x"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_least refl)

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_absorb: "x \<sqsubseteq> y ==> x \<squnion> y = y"
    by(blast intro: antisym sup_ge2 sup_greatest refl)

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) below_inf_conv[simp]:
     "x \<sqsubseteq> y \<sqinter> z = (x \<sqsubseteq> y ∧ x \<sqsubseteq> z)"
    by(blast intro: antisym inf_le1 inf_le2 inf_least refl trans)

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) above_sup_conv[simp]:
     "x \<squnion> y \<sqsubseteq> z = (x \<sqsubseteq> z ∧ y \<sqsubseteq> z)"
    by(blast intro: antisym sup_ge1 sup_ge2 sup_greatest refl trans)

    text{* Towards distributivity: if you have one of them, you have them all. *}

    lemma (in lattice) distrib_imp1:
    assumes D: "!!x y z. x \<sqinter> (y \<squnion> z) = (x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> z)"
    shows "x \<squnion> (y \<sqinter> z) = (x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> z)"
    proof-
      have "x \<squnion> (y \<sqinter> z) = (x \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> z)) \<squnion> (y \<sqinter> z)" by(simp add:sup_inf_absorb)
      also have "… = x \<squnion> (z \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> y))" by(simp add:D inf_commute sup_assoc)
      also have "… = ((x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> x) \<squnion> ((x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> z)"
        by(simp add:inf_sup_absorb inf_commute)
      also have "… = (x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> z)" by(simp add:D)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma (in lattice) distrib_imp2:
    assumes D: "!!x y z. x \<squnion> (y \<sqinter> z) = (x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> z)"
    shows "x \<sqinter> (y \<squnion> z) = (x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> z)"
    proof-
      have "x \<sqinter> (y \<squnion> z) = (x \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> z)) \<sqinter> (y \<squnion> z)" by(simp add:inf_sup_absorb)
      also have "… = x \<sqinter> (z \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> y))" by(simp add:D sup_commute inf_assoc)
      also have "… = ((x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> x) \<sqinter> ((x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> z)"
        by(simp add:sup_inf_absorb sup_commute)
      also have "… = (x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> z)" by(simp add:D)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    text{* A package of rewrite rules for deciding equivalence wrt ACI: *}

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_left_commute: "x \<sqinter> (y \<sqinter> z) = y \<sqinter> (x \<sqinter> z)"
    proof -
      have "x \<sqinter> (y \<sqinter> z) = (y \<sqinter> z) \<sqinter> x" by (simp only: inf_commute)
      also have "... = y \<sqinter> (z \<sqinter> x)" by (simp only: inf_assoc)
      also have "z \<sqinter> x = x \<sqinter> z" by (simp only: inf_commute)
      finally(back_subst) show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_left_commute: "x \<squnion> (y \<squnion> z) = y \<squnion> (x \<squnion> z)"
    proof -
      have "x \<squnion> (y \<squnion> z) = (y \<squnion> z) \<squnion> x" by (simp only: sup_commute)
      also have "... = y \<squnion> (z \<squnion> x)" by (simp only: sup_assoc)
      also have "z \<squnion> x = x \<squnion> z" by (simp only: sup_commute)
      finally(back_subst) show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma (in lower_semilattice) inf_left_idem: "x \<sqinter> (x \<sqinter> y) = x \<sqinter> y"
    proof -
      have "x \<sqinter> (x \<sqinter> y) = (x \<sqinter> x) \<sqinter> y" by(simp only:inf_assoc)
      also have "… = x \<sqinter> y" by(simp)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemma (in upper_semilattice) sup_left_idem: "x \<squnion> (x \<squnion> y) = x \<squnion> y"
    proof -
      have "x \<squnion> (x \<squnion> y) = (x \<squnion> x) \<squnion> y" by(simp only:sup_assoc)
      also have "… = x \<squnion> y" by(simp)
      finally show ?thesis .
    qed

    lemmas (in lower_semilattice) inf_ACI =
     inf_commute inf_assoc inf_left_commute inf_left_idem

    lemmas (in upper_semilattice) sup_ACI =
     sup_commute sup_assoc sup_left_commute sup_left_idem

    lemmas (in lattice) ACI = inf_ACI sup_ACI

    subsection{* Distributive lattices *}

    locale distrib_lattice = lattice +
      assumes sup_inf_distrib1: "x \<squnion> (y \<sqinter> z) = (x \<squnion> y) \<sqinter> (x \<squnion> z)"

    lemma (in distrib_lattice) sup_inf_distrib2:
     "(y \<sqinter> z) \<squnion> x = (y \<squnion> x) \<sqinter> (z \<squnion> x)"
    by(simp add:ACI sup_inf_distrib1)

    lemma (in distrib_lattice) inf_sup_distrib1:
     "x \<sqinter> (y \<squnion> z) = (x \<sqinter> y) \<squnion> (x \<sqinter> z)"
    by(rule distrib_imp2[OF sup_inf_distrib1])

    lemma (in distrib_lattice) inf_sup_distrib2:
     "(y \<squnion> z) \<sqinter> x = (y \<sqinter> x) \<squnion> (z \<sqinter> x)"
    by(simp add:ACI inf_sup_distrib1)

    lemmas (in distrib_lattice) distrib =
      sup_inf_distrib1 sup_inf_distrib2 inf_sup_distrib1 inf_sup_distrib2

    end

### Lattices

lemma inf_commute:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x y = inf y x

lemma sup_commute:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x y = sup y x

lemma inf_assoc:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf (inf x y) z = inf x (inf y z)

lemma sup_assoc:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup (sup x y) z = sup x (sup y z)

lemma inf_idem:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x x = x

lemma sup_idem:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x x = x

lemma inf_left_idem:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x (inf x y) = inf x y

lemma sup_left_idem:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x (sup x y) = sup x y

lemma inf_sup_absorb:

      lattice below inf sup ==> inf x (sup x y) = x

lemma sup_inf_absorb:

      lattice below inf sup ==> sup x (inf x y) = x

lemma inf_absorb:

      [| lower_semilattice below inf; below x y |] ==> inf x y = x

lemma sup_absorb:

      [| upper_semilattice below sup; below x y |] ==> sup x y = y

lemma below_inf_conv:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> below x (inf y z) = (below x y ∧ below x z)

lemma above_sup_conv:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> below (sup x y) z = (below x z ∧ below y z)

lemma distrib_imp1:

      [| lattice below inf sup; !!x y z. inf x (sup y z) = sup (inf x y) (inf x z) |]
      ==> sup x (inf y z) = inf (sup x y) (sup x z)

lemma distrib_imp2:

      [| lattice below inf sup; !!x y z. sup x (inf y z) = inf (sup x y) (sup x z) |]
      ==> inf x (sup y z) = sup (inf x y) (inf x z)

lemma inf_left_commute:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x (inf y z) = inf y (inf x z)

lemma sup_left_commute:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x (sup y z) = sup y (sup x z)

lemma inf_left_idem:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x (inf x y) = inf x y

lemma sup_left_idem:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x (sup x y) = sup x y

lemmas inf_ACI:

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x y = inf y x

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf (inf x y) z = inf x (inf y z)

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x (inf y z) = inf y (inf x z)

      lower_semilattice below inf ==> inf x (inf x y) = inf x y

lemmas sup_ACI:

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x y = sup y x

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup (sup x y) z = sup x (sup y z)

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x (sup y z) = sup y (sup x z)

      upper_semilattice below sup ==> sup x (sup x y) = sup x y

lemmas ACI:

      lattice below inf sup ==> inf x y = inf y x

      lattice below inf sup ==> inf (inf x y) z = inf x (inf y z)

      lattice below inf sup ==> inf x (inf y z) = inf y (inf x z)

      lattice below inf sup ==> inf x (inf x y) = inf x y

      lattice below inf sup ==> sup x y = sup y x

      lattice below inf sup ==> sup (sup x y) z = sup x (sup y z)

      lattice below inf sup ==> sup x (sup y z) = sup y (sup x z)

      lattice below inf sup ==> sup x (sup x y) = sup x y

### Distributive lattices

lemma sup_inf_distrib2:

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> sup (inf y z) x = inf (sup y x) (sup z x)

lemma inf_sup_distrib1:

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> inf x (sup y z) = sup (inf x y) (inf x z)

lemma inf_sup_distrib2:

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> inf (sup y z) x = sup (inf y x) (inf z x)

lemmas distrib:

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> sup x (inf y z) = inf (sup x y) (sup x z)

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> sup (inf y z) x = inf (sup y x) (sup z x)

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> inf x (sup y z) = sup (inf x y) (inf x z)

      distrib_lattice below inf sup ==> inf (sup y z) x = sup (inf y x) (inf z x)