Theory Finite (Isabelle2005: October 2005)

# Theory Finite

Up to index of Isabelle/ZF

theory Finite
imports Inductive Epsilon Nat
begin

    (*  Title:      ZF/Finite.thy
        ID:         $Id: Finite.thy,v 1.21 2005/06/17 14:15:09 haftmann Exp $
        Author:     Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
        Copyright   1994  University of Cambridge

    prove:  b: Fin(A) ==> inj(b,b) <= surj(b,b)
    *)

    header{*Finite Powerset Operator and Finite Function Space*}

    theory Finite imports Inductive Epsilon Nat begin

    (*The natural numbers as a datatype*)
    rep_datatype
      elimination    natE
      induction      nat_induct
      case_eqns      nat_case_0 nat_case_succ
      recursor_eqns  recursor_0 recursor_succ

    consts
      Fin       :: "i=>i"
      FiniteFun :: "[i,i]=>i"         ("(_ -||>/ _)" [61, 60] 60)

    inductive
      domains   "Fin(A)" <= "Pow(A)"
      intros
        emptyI:  "0 : Fin(A)"
        consI:   "[| a: A;  b: Fin(A) |] ==> cons(a,b) : Fin(A)"
      type_intros  empty_subsetI cons_subsetI PowI
      type_elims   PowD [THEN revcut_rl]

    inductive
      domains   "FiniteFun(A,B)" <= "Fin(A*B)"
      intros
        emptyI:  "0 : A -||> B"
        consI:   "[| a: A;  b: B;  h: A -||> B;  a ~: domain(h) |]
                  ==> cons(<a,b>,h) : A -||> B"
      type_intros Fin.intros

    subsection {* Finite Powerset Operator *}

    lemma Fin_mono: "A<=B ==> Fin(A) <= Fin(B)"
    apply (unfold Fin.defs)
    apply (rule lfp_mono)
    apply (rule Fin.bnd_mono)+
    apply blast
    done

    (* A : Fin(B) ==> A <= B *)
    lemmas FinD = Fin.dom_subset [THEN subsetD, THEN PowD, standard]

    (** Induction on finite sets **)

    (*Discharging x~:y entails extra work*)
    lemma Fin_induct [case_names 0 cons, induct set: Fin]:
        "[| b: Fin(A);
            P(0);
            !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x~:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(cons(x,y))
         |] ==> P(b)"
    apply (erule Fin.induct, simp)
    apply (case_tac "a:b")
     apply (erule cons_absorb [THEN ssubst], assumption) (*backtracking!*)
    apply simp
    done

    (** Simplification for Fin **)
    declare Fin.intros [simp]

    lemma Fin_0: "Fin(0) = {0}"
    by (blast intro: Fin.emptyI dest: FinD)

    (*The union of two finite sets is finite.*)
    lemma Fin_UnI [simp]: "[| b: Fin(A);  c: Fin(A) |] ==> b Un c : Fin(A)"
    apply (erule Fin_induct)
    apply (simp_all add: Un_cons)
    done

    (*The union of a set of finite sets is finite.*)
    lemma Fin_UnionI: "C : Fin(Fin(A)) ==> Union(C) : Fin(A)"
    by (erule Fin_induct, simp_all)

    (*Every subset of a finite set is finite.*)
    lemma Fin_subset_lemma [rule_format]: "b: Fin(A) ==> ∀z. z<=b --> z: Fin(A)"
    apply (erule Fin_induct)
    apply (simp add: subset_empty_iff)
    apply (simp add: subset_cons_iff distrib_simps, safe)
    apply (erule_tac b = z in cons_Diff [THEN subst], simp)
    done

    lemma Fin_subset: "[| c<=b;  b: Fin(A) |] ==> c: Fin(A)"
    by (blast intro: Fin_subset_lemma)

    lemma Fin_IntI1 [intro,simp]: "b: Fin(A) ==> b Int c : Fin(A)"
    by (blast intro: Fin_subset)

    lemma Fin_IntI2 [intro,simp]: "c: Fin(A) ==> b Int c : Fin(A)"
    by (blast intro: Fin_subset)

    lemma Fin_0_induct_lemma [rule_format]:
        "[| c: Fin(A);  b: Fin(A); P(b);
            !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(y-{x})
         |] ==> c<=b --> P(b-c)"
    apply (erule Fin_induct, simp)
    apply (subst Diff_cons)
    apply (simp add: cons_subset_iff Diff_subset [THEN Fin_subset])
    done

    lemma Fin_0_induct:
        "[| b: Fin(A);
            P(b);
            !!x y. [| x: A;  y: Fin(A);  x:y;  P(y) |] ==> P(y-{x})
         |] ==> P(0)"
    apply (rule Diff_cancel [THEN subst])
    apply (blast intro: Fin_0_induct_lemma)
    done

    (*Functions from a finite ordinal*)
    lemma nat_fun_subset_Fin: "n: nat ==> n->A <= Fin(nat*A)"
    apply (induct_tac "n")
    apply (simp add: subset_iff)
    apply (simp add: succ_def mem_not_refl [THEN cons_fun_eq])
    apply (fast intro!: Fin.consI)
    done

    subsection{*Finite Function Space*}

    lemma FiniteFun_mono:
        "[| A<=C;  B<=D |] ==> A -||> B  <=  C -||> D"
    apply (unfold FiniteFun.defs)
    apply (rule lfp_mono)
    apply (rule FiniteFun.bnd_mono)+
    apply (intro Fin_mono Sigma_mono basic_monos, assumption+)
    done

    lemma FiniteFun_mono1: "A<=B ==> A -||> A  <=  B -||> B"
    by (blast dest: FiniteFun_mono)

    lemma FiniteFun_is_fun: "h: A -||>B ==> h: domain(h) -> B"
    apply (erule FiniteFun.induct, simp)
    apply (simp add: fun_extend3)
    done

    lemma FiniteFun_domain_Fin: "h: A -||>B ==> domain(h) : Fin(A)"
    by (erule FiniteFun.induct, simp, simp)

    lemmas FiniteFun_apply_type = FiniteFun_is_fun [THEN apply_type, standard]

    (*Every subset of a finite function is a finite function.*)
    lemma FiniteFun_subset_lemma [rule_format]:
         "b: A-||>B ==> ALL z. z<=b --> z: A-||>B"
    apply (erule FiniteFun.induct)
    apply (simp add: subset_empty_iff FiniteFun.intros)
    apply (simp add: subset_cons_iff distrib_simps, safe)
    apply (erule_tac b = z in cons_Diff [THEN subst])
    apply (drule spec [THEN mp], assumption)
    apply (fast intro!: FiniteFun.intros)
    done

    lemma FiniteFun_subset: "[| c<=b;  b: A-||>B |] ==> c: A-||>B"
    by (blast intro: FiniteFun_subset_lemma)

    (** Some further results by Sidi O. Ehmety **)

    lemma fun_FiniteFunI [rule_format]: "A:Fin(X) ==> ALL f. f:A->B --> f:A-||>B"
    apply (erule Fin.induct)
     apply (simp add: FiniteFun.intros, clarify)
    apply (case_tac "a:b")
     apply (simp add: cons_absorb)
    apply (subgoal_tac "restrict (f,b) : b -||> B")
     prefer 2 apply (blast intro: restrict_type2)
    apply (subst fun_cons_restrict_eq, assumption)
    apply (simp add: restrict_def lam_def)
    apply (blast intro: apply_funtype FiniteFun.intros
                        FiniteFun_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
    done

    lemma lam_FiniteFun: "A: Fin(X) ==> (lam x:A. b(x)) : A -||> {b(x). x:A}"
    by (blast intro: fun_FiniteFunI lam_funtype)

    lemma FiniteFun_Collect_iff:
         "f : FiniteFun(A, {y:B. P(y)})
          <-> f : FiniteFun(A,B) & (ALL x:domain(f). P(f`x))"
    apply auto
    apply (blast intro: FiniteFun_mono [THEN [2] rev_subsetD])
    apply (blast dest: Pair_mem_PiD FiniteFun_is_fun)
    apply (rule_tac A1="domain(f)" in
           subset_refl [THEN [2] FiniteFun_mono, THEN subsetD])
     apply (fast dest: FiniteFun_domain_Fin Fin.dom_subset [THEN subsetD])
    apply (rule fun_FiniteFunI)
    apply (erule FiniteFun_domain_Fin)
    apply (rule_tac B = "range (f) " in fun_weaken_type)
     apply (blast dest: FiniteFun_is_fun range_of_fun range_type apply_equality)+
    done

    subsection{*The Contents of a Singleton Set*}

    constdefs
      contents :: "i=>i"
       "contents(X) == THE x. X = {x}"

    lemma contents_eq [simp]: "contents ({x}) = x"
    by (simp add: contents_def)

    ML
    {*
    val Fin_intros = thms "Fin.intros";

    val Fin_mono = thm "Fin_mono";
    val FinD = thm "FinD";
    val Fin_induct = thm "Fin_induct";
    val Fin_UnI = thm "Fin_UnI";
    val Fin_UnionI = thm "Fin_UnionI";
    val Fin_subset = thm "Fin_subset";
    val Fin_IntI1 = thm "Fin_IntI1";
    val Fin_IntI2 = thm "Fin_IntI2";
    val Fin_0_induct = thm "Fin_0_induct";
    val nat_fun_subset_Fin = thm "nat_fun_subset_Fin";
    val FiniteFun_mono = thm "FiniteFun_mono";
    val FiniteFun_mono1 = thm "FiniteFun_mono1";
    val FiniteFun_is_fun = thm "FiniteFun_is_fun";
    val FiniteFun_domain_Fin = thm "FiniteFun_domain_Fin";
    val FiniteFun_apply_type = thm "FiniteFun_apply_type";
    val FiniteFun_subset = thm "FiniteFun_subset";
    val fun_FiniteFunI = thm "fun_FiniteFunI";
    val lam_FiniteFun = thm "lam_FiniteFun";
    val FiniteFun_Collect_iff = thm "FiniteFun_Collect_iff";
    *}

    end

### Finite Powerset Operator

lemma Fin_mono:

      A ⊆ B ==> Fin(A) ⊆ Fin(B)

lemmas FinD:

      A ∈ Fin(B) ==> A ⊆ B

lemmas FinD:

      A ∈ Fin(B) ==> A ⊆ B

lemma Fin_induct:

      [| b ∈ Fin(A); P(0);
         !!x y. [| x ∈ A; y ∈ Fin(A); x ∉ y; P(y) |] ==> P(cons(x, y)) |]
      ==> P(b)

lemma Fin_0:

      Fin(0) = {0}

lemma Fin_UnI:

      [| b ∈ Fin(A); c ∈ Fin(A) |] ==> b ∪ c ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_UnionI:

      C ∈ Fin(Fin(A)) ==> \<Union>C ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_subset_lemma:

      [| b ∈ Fin(A); z ⊆ b |] ==> z ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_subset:

      [| c ⊆ b; b ∈ Fin(A) |] ==> c ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_IntI1:

      b ∈ Fin(A) ==> b ∩ c ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_IntI2:

      c ∈ Fin(A) ==> b ∩ c ∈ Fin(A)

lemma Fin_0_induct_lemma:

      [| c ∈ Fin(A); b ∈ Fin(A); P(b);
         !!x y. [| x ∈ A; y ∈ Fin(A); x ∈ y; P(y) |] ==> P(y - {x}); c ⊆ b |]
      ==> P(b - c)

lemma Fin_0_induct:

      [| b ∈ Fin(A); P(b);
         !!x y. [| x ∈ A; y ∈ Fin(A); x ∈ y; P(y) |] ==> P(y - {x}) |]
      ==> P(0)

lemma nat_fun_subset_Fin:

      n ∈ nat ==> n -> A ⊆ Fin(nat × A)

### Finite Function Space

lemma FiniteFun_mono:

      [| A ⊆ C; B ⊆ D |] ==> A -||> B ⊆ C -||> D

lemma FiniteFun_mono1:

      A ⊆ B ==> A -||> A ⊆ B -||> B

lemma FiniteFun_is_fun:

      h ∈ A -||> B ==> h ∈ domain(h) -> B

lemma FiniteFun_domain_Fin:

      h ∈ A -||> B ==> domain(h) ∈ Fin(A)

lemmas FiniteFun_apply_type:

      [| f ∈ A -||> B; a ∈ domain(f) |] ==> f ` a ∈ B

lemmas FiniteFun_apply_type:

      [| f ∈ A -||> B; a ∈ domain(f) |] ==> f ` a ∈ B

lemma FiniteFun_subset_lemma:

      [| b ∈ A -||> B; z ⊆ b |] ==> z ∈ A -||> B

lemma FiniteFun_subset:

      [| c ⊆ b; b ∈ A -||> B |] ==> c ∈ A -||> B

lemma fun_FiniteFunI:

      [| A ∈ Fin(X); f ∈ A -> B |] ==> f ∈ A -||> B

lemma lam_FiniteFun:

      A ∈ Fin(X) ==> (λx∈A. b(x)) ∈ A -||> {b(x) . x ∈ A}

lemma FiniteFun_Collect_iff:

      f ∈ A -||> {y ∈ B . P(y)} <-> f ∈ A -||> B ∧ (∀x∈domain(f). P(f ` x))

### The Contents of a Singleton Set

lemma contents_eq:

      contents({x}) = x